



<£/>/ ^ 



































































* 
















































































■ 

















^SdsZton^} HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES { 


REPORT 

ON THE CONDITION OF 

THE YAKIMA INDIAN 
RESERVATION 

A s ' ' - ' 

WASHINGTON 


A LETTER FROM THE 
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 

TRANSMITTING 

A JOINT REPORT OF THE SUPERVISING ENGINEER 
OF THE RECLAMATION SERVICE, SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT, AND SUPERVISING IRRIGATION ENGINEER OF 
THE INDIAN SERVICE ON THE CONDITION OF 
THE YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 



SUBMITTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 

January 23, 1913. — Referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs and 
ordered to be printed, with illustrations 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1913 







, V ■ 

- 

J 

V • 

. 's 

i rs- / . 













< , 

■ 








* ' 


' • , - - - :/ v^-.v 

■S. 

1 

•Vrt Beg 




i t 




> . 

' ... 

■ 









. 

. 


. 

■ 


* 




. 




■ 

■ 
















■ ■ 

- • 








- r ^ 

' 







Jr —■ 



} HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES { 


REPORT 

ON THE CONDITION OF 

THE YAKIMA INDIAN 
RESERVATION 

WASHINGTON 


A LETTER FROM THE 
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 

TRANSMITTING 

A JOINT REPORT OF THE SUPERVISING ENGINEER 
OF THE RECLAMATION SERVICE, SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT, AND SUPERVISING IRRIGATION ENGINEER OF 
THE INDIAN SERVICE, ON THE CONDITION OF 
THE YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 



SUBMITTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 

January 23, 1913. — Referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs and 
ordered to be printed, with illustrations 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1913 

__ _ __ 










0. OF D, 

APR 19 1313 












TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Pago. 

Letter of transmittal. 5 

Irrigation development in the Yakima Valley. 13 

Settlement of conflicting claims to water rights. 13 

The Yakima Indian Reservation. 17 

Present irrigation system. 17 

Drainage work already done. 17 

Water for reservation lands. 20 

Resources of the Yakima Indian Reservation. 20 

Tribal resources. 20 

Products. 21 

Land values. 22 

Petitions for water rights. 22 

Apportionment of water. 23 

The Yakima project. 24 

The Wapato unit. 25 

Preliminary investigations. 26 

Proposed plans for construction. 27 

Construction plans. 28 

Duty of water.. 29 

Drainage. 30 

Lateral construction. 31 

Estimates of cost. 31 

Storage unit. 36 

The quantity of water that can be stored. 36 

Cost of storage development. 37 

Area of land that can be supplied. 39 

Division of cost. 40 

Appendix: 

Tables showing flow of Yakima River—Tables I-X, inclusive. 43 

Division of cost—Table XI.-. 56 

Maximum monthly discharge, Tieton River at McAllisters—Table XII- 57 

Mean monthly discharge of reservoirs, McAllisters, Keechelus, Clealum, 
Bumping Lake, and Kachess—Tables XIII-XVII, inclusive. 57 

o 





































































. 

. 

















. 














LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 


Department of the Interior, 

Washington, January 22, 1918. 
The Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

Sir: The Indian appropriation act approved August 24, 1912, 
contains the following provision: 

That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to 
investigate the conditions on the Yakima Indian Reservation in the State of Washing¬ 
ton with a view to determine the best, most practicable, and most feasible plan for 
providing water for such lands in said reservation as may be irrigated, and to cause 
surveys, plans, and reports to be made thereon, together with an estimated limit of 
cost of such irrigation project and to submit his report thereon to Congress on the first 
Monday, in December, nineteen hundred and twelve, together with such facts and 
reasons in support of the same as may be necessary to advise Congress fully in regard 
thereto. 

In accordance therewith I transmit a report prepared in the field 
by Supervising Engineer Swigart, of the Reclamation Service, Super¬ 
intendent Don M. Carr, and Supervising Irrigation Engineer L. W. 
Holt, of the Indian Service. The latter portion of such joint report, 
consisting of plans and estimates for the irrigation system, is approved. 
The first part of the joint report, dealing with the history of irrigation 
on the reservation and conditions particularly concerning the needs 
of the Indians, requires corrections in two respects, viz, first, in the 
suggestion that the cost of the irrigation system be paid from the 
tribal funds, rather than from the lands irrigated; this suggestion 
does not meet with my approval. I am still of the opinion, as stated 
in my letter of June 13, 1912, to Senator Gamble, chairman of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs, that the cost not only of the storage 
works but of the entire irrigation system referred to should be charged 
upon these lands, and that the suggestion made by the joint report 
that it be defrayed from the tribal funds should not be approved, 
and the reasons for my position will be made clear further on in this 
report. 

The joint report appears to me to be wrong in a second respect, 
in recommending that the 32,000 acres for which free storage is to 
be furnished be not segregated, but that the benefit of free storage 
be apportioned on all the irrigated lands, thus reducing the storage 
charge upon all such lands. I appreciate fully the difficulties set 
forth in the report, but I am convinced that the plan of segregation 
which would generally work out so that each allottee would have 20 
acres segregated to him as free from storage charge is the most feasible 
method of correcting the error originally made in the allotments. 
The course recommended in the report avoids the questions presented 
by those allotments which have now come into the ownership and 

5 



6 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

possession of white people. The principle of Senate bill 6693, with 
regard to these lands, was that the Secretary of the Interior be empow¬ 
ered to award them water rights in accordance with the equities 
which should be shown to him with respect to each tract, and I believe 
this to be the only practicable and just solution of the difficulties 
presented. Some of the white people who have purchased lands 
from Indian allottees have been making beneficial use of the water 
delivered through the existing Indian ditches, and doubtless a sub¬ 
stantial equity arises from such use. Other lands lying under the 
Indian ditches, physically capable of irrigation therefrom, were pur¬ 
chased after the construction of the ditches and, as it is alleged, were 
intended to be irrigated from such ditches. It is claimed that the 
reason why this has not been done is the lack of water in the ditches, 
due to the mistake of the Government in limiting the Indians’ claim 
to 147 second-feet and to delay of the Government in working out 
any solution of the difficulties which arose from that limitation. If 
these allegations and claims are true, there would appear to be some 
equity in these cases also. It may be, however, that some of the 
white holdings will not show either one of the equities referred to. 
The proper solution seems to be to deal with each case upon its 
merits. 

After full conference with the heads and legal officers of the Indian 
Office and the Reclamation Service, I believe that the principles and 
policies which should control in the constructional and administrative 
problems presented by this project are the following: 

(1) Secretary Hitchcock had lawful authority to limit the rights 
of the Indians in the low water flow of the Yakima River, and his 
limitation thereof to 147 cubic feet per second, which was a part of 
the general settlement of water rights in the valley, is valid and 
binding. Any other conclusion would involve the acceptance of the 
doctrine that the Indians, by virtue of the treaty of 1853, ratified in 
1859, then acquired a vested right in the water flowing in the Yakima 
River, which is undetermined and must forever remain undetermina¬ 
ble as to quantity; for it is contended that it is to be measured at 
any given time by what then appears to be the duty of water for that 
area of which, from the economic and engineering standpoints, it 
is then feasible to irrigate; that it must be measured 50 years hence 
by what then appears the duty of water for the area which it then 
appears feasible to irrigate, and so for any point of time in the future. 
This would make it impossible to measure the future water rights of 
the Indians at any time; would prevent all irrigation development 
outside of the Indian reservation, and would amount to a reservation 
of the total flow of the river, without any obligation on the part of 
the Indians to utilize the water, which might thus flow forever 
unused to the sea. The Indian treaty negotiated in 1853 and ratified 
in 1859 was to make possible the permanent settlement of the Yakima 
Indians and their transformation into an agricultural people; to 
reserve an abundance of land and of water rights out of which the 
real need of the Indians for farms and for irrigation water for such 
farms could be satisfied as such needs might be determined by Con¬ 
gress or its duly authorized executive agent. It was not intended 
to reserve either lands or water rights above that measure, or to restrict 
the authority of Congress, or of the Secretary of the Interior under 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 7 

the authority of Congress, to determine the measure of the water 
rights needed by the Indians. 

(2) Nevertheless, it now appears that such limitation placed the 
Indian water right at a lower amount than sound administration and 
the real needs of the Indians require. Therefore steps should now be 
taken to provide the Indians with additional water up to such amount 
without cost to them but without questioning the legality and binding 
effect of Secretary Hitchcock’s limitation. The best method for 
doing this is to furnish stored water to the Indians free of construction 
cost for storage up to the amount which should originally have been 
reserved for them. 

(3) The measure of the water rights which should have been re¬ 
served for the Indians in 1906 from the low water flow was not the 
area of their allotments (120,000 acres, in all, within the Wapato unit), 
but approximately such area as would give each Indian family a farm 
adequate for its support under irrigation. This area has been fixed, 
on the recommendation of the Indian Office, at 32,000 acres, being 
20 acres for each of the 1,600 allottees (men, women, and children). 
This would have given an Indian family of four (father, mother, and 
two children) water enough for 80 acres. The Government should 
therefore furnish stored water free of storage cost to such an amount 
as, together with the 147 second-feet reserved bv Secretarv Hitch- 
cock, will be sufficient to irrigate 32,000 acres. 

(4) The cost of storing water for the remaining 88,000 acres of the 
allotted lands should be paid by the Indians, or from the proceeds of 
their lands or resources. 

(5) The water rights of white purchasers of Indian allotments and 
of Indian patentees in fee (free of restrictions) should be determined 
according to the equities of each case by the Secretary of the Interior 
upon the principle that such rights depend upon actual beneficial use 
except in so far as there is reasonable ground for finding that the fail¬ 
ure to make beneficial use of the water is fairly chargeable to the 
Government. To justify such a finding the land must have been, at 
the time patent in fee issued or the title first passed from Indian to 
white, under the ditches built by the Indian Service, thus giving the 
purchaser or patentee in fee a basis for the belief that he could acquire 
a water right by beneficial use. 

(6) The storage charge per acre-foot should be averaged for all 
lands in the valley without regard to the case of the particular reser¬ 
voir from which any one unit or body of lands can be supplied. This 
is because that policy will result in the reclamation of the largest 
possible area and will thus permit the largest development of the 
agricultural resources in the valley. The determination of the storage 
charge for the Indian allotments should be made on this principle. 

(7) Water service to lands in the valley should be by acre-feet 
without distinction between the natural flow and the stored waters. 

(8) The storage works from which the Indian lands are to be served 
can and should be built as a part of the general storage system in the 
vallev. The reclamation fund should not be charged with any part 
of such expenditure, but the cost should be paid by a lump appropria¬ 
tion to be expended by the Reclamation Service on said general 
storage system. The amount of this appropriation should be deter¬ 
mined by multiplving the total area of the allotments (120,000 acres) 


8 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

by an acreage charge calculated from the assumed duty of water for 
the Indian lands. Of this total appropriation iUoToa or tV should be 
nonreimbursable, since the stored water in excess of 147 second-feet 
paid for by said fraction will be the reparation made by the United 
States, because the limitation made by Secretary Hitchcock is now 
found to have been less than the Indians are fairly entitled to and 
reasonably need. The remaining of this total appropriation should 
be repaid to the Treasury of the United States from the Indian lands 
or resources. 

(9) The distribution works for the allotted lands (Wapato unit) 
should be built by the Indian Service from appropriations made from 
year to } 7 ear, the cost thereof to be repaid from the Indian lands or 
resources. 

To the principles above stated the following should be added: 

(10) Sound public policy and the principles of equity forbid the 
Federal Government to appropriate or advance public funds for the 
irrigation of lands allotted to Indians who are asserting a claim for 
water rights appurtenant to such lands contrary to the public interests 
and in excess of the measure of their real needs as determined by the 
Secretary of the Interior. Therefore no steps for the enlargement of 
the storage or distribution works for the benefit of the lands in the 
Wapato unit, or for deliveries of water thereto in excess of deliveries 
appropriate under the limitation to 147 second-feet, should be under¬ 
taken until at least 80 per cent of the allotted and a like per cent of 
the patented lands in said unit shall have been pledged by the allottees 
or owners thereof for the repayment of the cost of the works in accord¬ 
ance with the principles hereinbefore stated, nor until all other claims 
for, or arising out of, water rights shall have been properly waived by 
the allottees or owners so pledging their lands; and no benefit from 
the works constructed on the faith of such pledges should accrue, by 
enlarged deliveries of water or otherwise, to any lands within the unit 
not so pledged with waiver. 

(11) The power of Congress to modify the treaty and reduce the 
Indians' water rights thereunder is unquestionable (Lone Wolf v. 
Hitchcock, 187 U. S., 553). Therefore specific legislation should be 
enacted embodying, or based upon, the principles above stated. 

With respect to the details of S. 6693, I respectfully refer to my 
letter of June 13, 1912, to Senator Gamble, above mentioned, in 
which and for the reasons therein set forth it was suggested that 
sections 1 and 2 be amended to read as follows: 

Section 1. That for the purpose of constructing storage reservoirs to impound the 
flood waters of Yakima River to provide for the total diversion at the reservation 
head gates of 516,000 acre-feet of stored water and natural flow during each irrigation 
season, for the irrigation of one hundred and twenty thousand acres, more or less, 
comprising the Wapato project on the Yakima Indian Reservation, there is hereby 
appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum 
of one million eight hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be neces¬ 
sary, to be expended in said works by the Reclamation Service, the moneys as needed 
for said work, to be transferred to the reclamation fund by the Secretary of the Treas¬ 
ury upon requisition of the Secretary of the Interior. Such storage works shall be 
maintained and operated by the Reclamation Service as a part of the storage system 
of the Yakima reclamation project. 

Sec. 2. That lands within the project now owned by Indians in fee or otherwise 
to the extent of 32,000 acres shall be designated by the Secretary of the Interior as 
necessary for the support and use of the Indians severally allotted hitherto within the 
project, and thereafter water furnished for such lands shall be free of any and all 
cost or charge on account of said storage works. Water shall be reserved for present 



REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 9 


or future use on the lands so designated for which patents in fee shall not have been 
issued at the rate of three acre-feet per acre, measured at the land, whether bene¬ 
ficially used thereon or not, and such reservation shall continue until such time as 
patents in fee shall issue for said lands respectively. With the exception of water 
reserved without beneficial use as in this section above provided beneficial use shall 
be the basis, the measure, and the limit of the right to use water on the lands within 
said Wapato project. 

In addition to such amendments it is further suggested, in accord¬ 
ance with the principles hereinabove set forth, that for the proviso 
in section 5 of said bill there be substituted the following: 

Provided , That no steps for the enlargement of the storage or distribution works 
for the benefit of the lands in the Wapato unit, as herein provided for, or for deliv¬ 
eries of water thereto in excess of the deliveries appropriate under the limitation to 
147 second-feet, shall be undertaken until at least eighty per cent of the allotted, 
and a like per cent of the patented, lands of said unit shall have been pledged by the 
allottees or owners thereof for the repayment of the cost of the works, nor until all 
other claims for or arising out of water rights shall have been properly waived by the 
allottees or owners so pledging their lands, and no benefit from the works constructed 
on the faith of such pledges shall accrue by enlarged deliveries of water or otherwise 
to any lands within the unit not so pledged with waiver. 


Respectfully, 


Walter L. Fisher, 

Seer eta ry. 



# 


REPORT ON THE CONDITIONS ON THE YAKIMA 
INDIAN RESERVATION, WASH., 

SHOWING THE HISTORY OF IRRIGATION IN THE YAKIMA VALLEY, 
THE RELATION OF IRRIGATION IN THE YAKIMA VALLEY, THE 
RELATION OF IRRIGATION IN THE YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 
TO THE VALLEY AS A WHOLE, THE RESOURCES AND NEEDS OF 
THE RESERVATION, THE LANDS THAT CAN BE IRRIGATED, THE 
MOST FEASIBLE IRRIGATION PLAN, WITH ESTIMATES OF COST 
AND THE WATER SUPPLY AND SOURCE, BASED ON SURVEYS 
AND STUDIES BY THE FIELD OFFICERS OF THE RECLAMATION 

SERVICE AND INDIAN OFFICE. 


11 












































































. 



































































REPORT ON THE CONDITIONS ON THE YAKIMA 
INDIAN RESERVATION, WASH. 


Compiled jointly by the field representatives of these bureaus of the Interior Department: 

Indian Office: Don M. Carr, Superintendent and Special Disbursing Agent, Yakima Indian Reserva¬ 
tion; Lester M. Holt, Superintendent of Irrigation, Yakima Indian Reservation. 

Reclamation Service: Charles H. Swigart, Supervising Engineer, United States Reclamation Service. 


IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE YAKIMA V ALLEY. 

The Yakima Valley is situated in the southeastern portion of the 
State of Washington, and derives its water supply from the Yakima 
River, a tributary of the Columbia, having its source in the Cascade 
Mountains. Irrigation in the Yakima Valley has been practiced for 
many years, and matters pertaining to irrigation have reached a 
higher stage of development than in most irrigated districts. The 
rapid flow of the streams, the ease with which large areas of land have 
been irrigated by comparatively short canals, and the great value of 
the lands when irrigated, have all served to bring this about. Even 
before the first railroad had been built into the country, irrigation 
in the Yakima Valley had reached a comparatively advanced stage 
of development. The early settlers were interested principally in 
stock raising. The range at that time being of the finest quality and 
apparently unlimited, only sufficient land was irrigated to furnish 
winter feed for the cattle and supplies for home consumption. Small 
irrigation ditches along the smaller streams which afforded the fewest 
obstacles to construction were the first to be developed. 

The first irrigation ditch in the Yakima Valley of which we have 
record is the Nelson ditch, taken out of the left bank of the Naches 
River. This was built in 1867 and is still in existence. In 1872 a 
ditch was taken out of a tributary of the Ahtanum Creek by Charles 
and Joseph Schanno. It was built to irrigate 320 acres of land, near 
the locality now occupied by Yakima City. The water was used by 
the people for raising vegetables, and although only a small ditch it 
proved what could be done when water was applied to the land. 

Two years later, in 1874, the ditch, still known as the Schanno, 
was built, which gave the town of Yakima City an abundant water 
supply. Along this ditch in 1881 the first alfalfa was successfully 
grown. It was 1884, however, before the usefulness of this great 
forage plant was fully understood. During that year it was raised 
freely and it marked a new era in the stock-raising industry as it pre¬ 
prevented the great winter losses of cattle which the cattlemen has so 
often experienced in the past. 


13 




14 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

In 1872 the first hops were grown in the Yakima Valley by Charles 
Carpenter, on Ahtanum Creek. He had seen them growing in Ger¬ 
many and concluded that favorable conditions existed here. 

As early as 1874 farmers along the rivers commenced to realize 
that their bottom lands produced much better crops when irrigated 
and began to construct small irrigation ditches. 

In 1875 people began to settle upon the bench lands in greater 
numbers and soon after some of the higher line canals—namely, the 
Kennewick, Naches-Cowiche, and Moxee—were built. 

As no railroad was constructed through this region until 1886 
and the nearest point of shipment was at The Dalles, on the Columbia 
River in Oregon, 100 miles distant over mountainous roads, only 
such crops were raised by the farmer as were necessary to supply 
himself and his family with food. Hay was raised for the cattle 
as an insurance against loss by starvation during the winter months. 

The building of the Northern Pacific Railroad in 1886 marks the 
beginning of a tide of immigration toward the Northwest which has 
been flowing steadily ever since. It was then that the settlers began 
to raise crops to ship away, alfalfa, fruit, and hops being the principal 
products. These have been raised in increasing quantities ever 
since and have proved to be a great source of wealth to the people 
of the Yakima Valley. More irrigation ditches have been built from 
time to time as necessity and the increased value of land have war¬ 
ranted. The size of the farm unit has steadily decreased to make 
room for more settlers. This has been made possible by the rapidly 
increasing demand for diverse farm products in the western portion 
of the State, where the percentage of the population engaged in farm¬ 
ing is small, and the agricultural conditions are not so favorable. 

The acreage now under irrigation in the Yakima Valley, exclusive 
of that on the Yakima Indian Reservation and exclusive of Govern¬ 
ment canals, is approximately 137,500 acres, which acreage is divided 
about as follows: Private systems above Umtanum, 41,500; between 
Umtanum and Union Gap, including Naches and Tieton Rivers, 
Wenas and Ahtanum Creeks, 70,000; Union Gap to mouth of the 
Yakima River, 26,000. In addition to which the Government is 
supplying water to approximately 115,000 acres, divided between 
the Tieton Unit 35,000 and the Sunnyside Unit of 80,000 acres. 

SETTLEMENT OF CONFLICTING CLAIMS TO WATER RIGHTS. 

In the early days of small ditches it was customary for filings to be 
made on very large quantities of water, which resulted in a number 
of disputes, often terminating in litigation among the various appro- 
priators. In the year 1903, when the first investigations were begun 
m the valley by the Reclamation Service, the water-right conditions 
had approached the chaotic, as the low-water flow of all the streams 
had been much overappropriated and no storage had been provided 
to tide over the dry seasons. The first reconnoissance made by the 
service indicated extensive irrigation possibilities, and the year 1904 
was devoted to the measuring of streams and a general examination 
of lands in the valley. Approximately 100,000 acres of land were 
being irrigated at that time in the Yakima Valley. It was essential 
prior to taking up active construction work that the unsatisfactory 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 15 


water-right situation be cleared up, and the Secretary of the Interior 
set down certain conditions which had to be fulfilled before approval 
would be given for such construction. The conditions laid down by 
the Secretary were: 

First. The adjustment of all conflicting claims of those who are appropriating water 
from the Yakima River or any other body of water for irrigation, power, or any other 
purpose. 

Second. The determination of all suits now pending to prevent the diversion of 
water from the Yakima River to the Yakima Indian Reservation, and any and all 
other litigation that in any way tends to embarrass or restrict the appropriation of the 
waters from said river or any other body of water needed for the irrigation of the 
lands under said proposed project. 

Third. The determination of the questions presented by the proposed contract to 
purchase the Sunnyside, Canal for $250,000, now pending before the Assistant Attorney 
General for this department, and the submission to the department, if required or 
necessary, of such a contract from the owners of said canal as will meet the approval 
of the department. 

Fourth. The satisfactory disposition of the protest of the State of Washington against 
the entrance of the Government into contractual relations with the Washington 
Irrigation Co. until the State is heard in the matter. 

Fifth. The securing to the Indians on the Yakima Reservation of a sufficient water 
supply by passage of appropriate legislation by Congress, or otherwise. 

Sixth. The settlement, termination, and disposition of any and all difficulties, 
conflicts, litigation, complications, or controversies that will in any way tend to 
embarrass or restrict the appropriation and use of the waters of the Yakima River or 
any other stream or body of water necessary for the irrigation of the lands under this 
project and the lands in the Yakima Indian Reservation. 

Seventh. That a sufficient acreage be pledged to secure the return to the reclamation 
fund of the cost of construction. 

Eighth. That the above and foregoing matters be settled and a clean, feasible 
proposition submitted to the department free from all difficulties or complications 
before the expenditure of any money on the construction of said project be made. 

The conditions particularly affecting the Yakima Indian Reserva¬ 
tion were the first, second, fifth, and sixth. The year 1905 was spent 
in collecting data and negotiating with the various interested parties 
for the purpose of complying with the eight conditions laid down by 
the Secretary. 

In compliance with the first condition, 94^ per cent of all waters 
claimed by irrigation canals depending upon the natural flow of the 
river was included in agreements fixing their diversions in a definite 
quantity. These quantities were based on the actual diversions 
made during August, 1905. In the final report on which the approval 
by the Secretary of the Interior of the construction was based, the 
Sunnyside Canal was apportioned 650 second-feet and the reservation 
canals 147 second-feet. The canals which failed to sign agreements 
were relatively unimportant. 

The Indian canal had an appropriation made on February 19, 1903, 
by the Indian Office, of 1,000 cubic feet per second. The appropria¬ 
tion secured to the Reclamation Service by purchase from the 
Washington Irrigation Co. for the Sunnyside Canal was 1,050 cubic 
feet per second. Fifty cubic feet per second was appropriated as 
early as 1880, while the additional 1,000 was appropriated in 1890. 
The quantities fixed by the Government for the Sunnyside and 
reservation canals were much less than was claimed for them, and 
the acceptance by the Government of the smaller quantities was a 
condition which operated most effectively toward obtaining the 
consent of all the private holders of water rights to limit their claims 
proportionately. 


16 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 


In regard to the second condition the following is quoted from the 
report of Mr. D. C. Henny, supervising engineer, to the chief engineer 
of the Reclamation Service, dated March 13, 1906: 

In August, 1905, the Prosser Falls Land & Power Co. and the Washington Irrigation 
Co. brought suits against officials of the Yakima Indian Reservation and canals higher 
up on the river for alleged illegal diversion of water from the river. At the request of 
the Reclamation Service action under these suits was suspended. 

The Prosser Falls Land & Power Co. bound itself to dismiss its suits at any time, as 
part of the terms of the agreement in which it limits its claims to water. 

The Washington Irrigation Co. has entered into an agreement, dated March 13, 
1906, * * * by which it binds itself to dismiss all litigation to which it is a party 

plaintiff tending to affect in any way the appropriations and use of the water in the 
Yakima River and dependent streams, immediately upon the announcement by the 
Secretary of the determination of the United States to construct storage and irrigation 
works in Yakima Valley under the reclamation act. 

In regard to condition No. 5 the above report says: 

Official advices have reached me through the chief engineer that H. R. 10067, 
authorizing the disposition of surplus and allotted lands on the Yakima Indian Reser¬ 
vation, etc., has been passed and become law on March 7, 1906. The terms of this 
bill are such that a reclamation project covering the irrigable lands in the Yakima 
Indian Reservation becomes feasible, provided the Indians consent, and that thereby 
all controversy regarding water rights of the Yakima Indian Reservation will be 
avoided. I therefore recommend that the enactment of such law be considered a 
full compliance with condition No. 5. 

In regard to condition No. 6 the report says: 

The agreements to dismiss litigation in which Yakima Indian officials were made 
defendants as discussed under condition No. 2 and the passage and enactment of 
H. R. 10067 above referred to in the discussion of condition No. 5, appear to meet the 
requirements under condition No. 6, and I therefore recommend that the present 
status be considered a full compliance with condition No. 6. 

The remaining conditions laid down by the Secretary have no 
direct bearing on the water supply and irrigation of the Yakima 
Indian Reservation and will therefore not be discussed. 

Pursuant to the report above quoted which was submitted to the 
Secretary of the Interior for approval and for authorization of con¬ 
struction work upon the Yakima project, the following letter was 
written: 

March 28, 1906. 

The Director op the Geological Survey. 

Sir: In a letter of the 21st instant to the department you referred to departmental 
letter of December 12, 1905, to you, approving the Tieton and Sunnyside projects in 
the State of Washington, under the act of June 17, 1902 (32 Stat., 388), and setting 
aside thereunder the sums of $1,000,000 and $750,000, respectively, subject to certain 
conditions specified in the letter. 

In your letter you have inclosed a report from Mr. D. C. Henny, supervising engi¬ 
neer, dated March 15, 1906, with exhibits, from which it appears that the conditions 
above mentioned have all been met, and you have expressed the opinion that the 
projects present clean, feasible propositions upon which the Government is fully 
warranted in expending .money for the necessary works. You have therefore recom¬ 
mended that the two projects be definitely approved, that the contract with the 
Washington Irrigation Co. be also approved, and that you be authorized to proceed 
in the usual way for the construction of the necessary works for the first section of the 
two projects. 

Tour letter was referred to the Assistant Attorney General for an opinion as to 
whether or not the report and accompanying papers show such a compliance with the 
conditions by departmental letter of December ] 2, 1905, supra, as to justify depart¬ 
mental action in accordance with your recommendation. 

In an opinion of the 27th instant by the Assistant Attorney General, which has been 
approved, he has stated that these conditions have been so complied with as to justify 
the action you have recommended. 




REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 17 

In view of the foregoing, I have accordingly approved the contract and return it 
herewith. I also hereby definitely approve the Tieton and Sunnyside projects and 
authorize you to proceed in the usual way for the construction of the necessary works 
of the first sections thereof. 

I'or your full information I inclose a copy of the opinion of the Assistant Attorney 
General. 

Very respectfully, Thos. Ryan, Acting Secretary. 

THE YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

Flio Indians have been irrigating in a more or less crude manner 
on this reservation since 1859. At first oxen were used for breaking 
the land and in 1862 more than 200 acres were under irrigation. 
This had been increased to 500 acres in 1863, and to 1,000 or 1,200 
in 1865. No work, however, was done by the United States Indian 
Service until May 20, 1896. The following is taken from the report 
of Mr. Wm, Redman dated June 30, 1897, addressed to the Indian 
agent at Fort Simcoe, reporting on the irrigation canals then in exist¬ 
ence, giving carrying capacity and length: 

Main canal, capacity 210 cubic feet of water per second, length 12.45 miles, from 
which the following laterals have been constructed: Lateral No. 1, 4,300 feet long, 
lateral No. 2, 8,500 feet long, lateral No. 3, 15,000 feet long, lateral No. 4, 28,100 feet 
long, and sublateral No. 5, 6,500 feet long; in all from mrin canal, 62,300 feet, which 
equals 11.8 miles. 

Toppenish Canal, capacity 104 cubic feet of water per second, length 3.2 miles, 
from which the following lateral ditches have been constructed: Lateral No. 1, 5,300 
feet long, lateral No. 2, 500 feet long, 1 lateral No. 3, 400 feet long, and lateral No. 4, 
3,600 feet long; in all from this canal 9,800 feet or 1.86 miles. 

Or to sum up the work done, there are of the foregoing 15.47 miles of the main canal 
with a carrying capacity of 315 cubic feet of water per second with 13.66 miles of lateral 
ditches leading therefrom for the distribution of water. The above does not include 
provisions made near the head of the Main Canal (about three thousand feet below 
the intake of the Yakima River) for turning about two hundred cubic feet of water 
per second into the natural slough which runs in a southeasterly direction (nearly 
parallel with the Northern Pacific Railway) a distance of about twelve miles emptying 
into Toppenish Creek and which slough will serve as a canal from which many lateral 
ditches can be constructed for the distribution of its water. By constructing more 
lateral ditches nearly fifty thousand acres of the best soil can be irrigated. 

PRESENT IRRIGATION SYSTEM. 

On February 19, 1903, the superintendent of the Yakima Indian 
Reservation filed on 1,000 cubic feet of water per second of time and 
the same year construction work was begun on the New Reservation 
Canal, and Lateral u l” Since that time that canal has been com¬ 
pleted to Station 600 and Laterals “A,” “B,” and “C” have been 
completed. The new reservation canal was designed for an intake 
capacity of 1,000 cubic feet per second. 

The irrigation system as constructed with a few extensions and 
increasing its capacity can serve 80,000 acres of land, providing 
water is available. The actual area irrigated in 1912, under the 
system constructed by the Indian Service was 32,000 acres, 18,000 
under the new reservation canal, and 14,000 acres under the old 
canal, and 15,000 acres are irrigated from private ditches, sloughs, 
the Toppenish ditch (constructed by the Government), and the 
subirrigated land, making a total of 47,000 acres of land now irri¬ 
gated and subirrigated within the area known as the Wapato project. 

i To be extended by proprietors of allotted lands. 


H. Doc. 1299, 62-3-2 





18 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 


It lias been estimated that 18,000 additional acres can be irrigated 
by giving the present system a thorough cleaning and with a few 
small inexpensive extensions the combined flow of the canals at 
their head gates will be somewhere between nine hundred and one 
thousand second-feet. 

The system as now constructed is somewhat wasteful, not only 
in power wasted at the numerous small drops, but by seepage in the 
canals, and in the irrigation of land, due to a large extent to insuffi¬ 
cient preparation. 

There are 65 miles of main canals and main laterals and about 
two hundred miles of sublaterals now being operated. The cost of the 
irrigation system constructed by the Indian Service to June 30, 1912, 
was $272,253.57, an acreage cost of $8.50 for the land actually irri¬ 
gated this season. In addition to the above $28,293.05 have been 
expended in maintaining and operating the irrigation ditches. 

In the spring of 1907 an appraisal was made of the irrigation works 
at that time constructed with special reference to their value for 
incorporation into the proposed complete system by representatives 
of the Reclamation and Indian Services. As a result of this it was 
agreed that the works should be valued at $121,000 for such purpose. 
This was approved by the heads of the bureaus concerned and sub¬ 
mitted to the Secretary of the Interior, by whom it was approved, 
May 10, 1907. Various sums have been expended since that date, 
the exact amount of which can not be determined by the field accounts 
at present obtainable. It is therefore estimated that the present 
value of the irrigation system on the Yakima Indian Reservation for 
incorporation into the proposed complete system would be as follows: 
One hundred and twenty-one thousand dollars plus the cost of the 
drainage system, $250,000, to which should be added 75 per cent of 
the amount left after taking all expenditures for the construction of 
irrigation works on the Yakima Indian Reservation since April, 1907, 
and subtracting therefrom all maintenance and operation expendi¬ 
tures, also all expenditures on account of the Ahtanum Irrigation 
System, which is entirely separate from the one under consideration. 

The topographical conditions of this project are such that an irri¬ 
gation system can be constructed at a very reasonable cost per acre. 

It would be impossible to construct the entire project with small 
annual appropriations as has been proposed, as main ditches are 
needed, and unless a considerable amount of money should be avail¬ 
able, little could be accomplished except at excessive costs. Delay 
causes much loss each year in ditches, structures, etc., that possibly 
can not be used in the larger system, and lands are being alkalied, 
owing to lack of proper drains in the irrigated districts. It is essen¬ 
tial that some comprehensive policy for the development of this 
project be decided upon at an early date, as conditions during the 
last few years have been such as to cause a feeling of distrust among 
both the allottees and white landowners, and further delay will 
make matters worse. 

DRAINAGE WORK ALREADY DONE. 

The act of April 4, 1910, appropriated $250,000 for the construc¬ 
tion of a drainage system to relieve the swampy condition of 30,000 
acres of land on the lower part of the reservation and to prevent the 
swamping of an additional area. 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 19 

The following description is taken from the report of J. W. Martin and 
addressed to Mr. W. H. Code, former chief engineer in the Indian Service: 

The reservation is very generally underlaid by a deep stratum of free water-bearing 
gravel which is covered generally by from 1 to 10 or 12 feet, more or less, of generally 
speaking volcanic ash soil. At Toppenish Creek and extending a distance of about a 
mile more or less north, the soil is appreciably deep. As the general slope of the 
reservation is to the southeast, the water from the irrigated lands to the north naturally 
tending to drain off in the underlying gravels to the south and east has been impeded 
m its course by the deeper soil which exists to the north of Toppenish Creek and con¬ 
sequently soaked up, bogged, created swamps, and temporarily destroyed by an alkali 
condition the southern part of the reservation. 

The Wapato project contemplated taking care of this condition by drainage canals 
parallel to and on the north side of the proposed east and west laterals, also an inde¬ 
pendent canal parallel to and just north of Toppenish Creek, with north and south 
laterals one mile apart, but on account of the difficulty of getting people to sign up for 
this project, also lack of funds, the project has not thus far been started. In the mean¬ 
time the alkali and swamping conditions were gradually and surely extending to the 
north to such an alarming extent as to induce Congress to appropriate the aforesaid 
$250,000 reimbursable fund for immediate relief by the Indian department. As all 
proposed drainage lines to date had no other than paper projected locations, it was 
necessary to make actual preliminary surveys and borings which were submitted 
for your consideration on your arrival about the middle of June, 1910. 

On June 27, 1910, W. H. Code, chief engineer Indian Service; D. C. 
Henny, consulting engineer, United States Reclamation Service; 
Charles H. Swigart, supervising engineer, United States Reclamation 
Service; James W. Martin, superintendent of irrigation, Indian Serv¬ 
ice; and C. G. Elliott, United States Department of Agriculture, 
acting as a board of engineers, submitted a report to the Secretary 
of the Interior on the necessary drainage system. This report was 
approved and construction ordered along the lines laid down by the 
board of engineers. 

Machinery was purchased and the work of constructing the main 
drains was begun in the fall of 1910. On July 1 , 1912, 42 miles of 
drainage ditches had been completed at a total expense of $229,497.71, 
or a unit cost, including structures, of 12 cents for each cubic yard 
excavated. 

The total discharge from the drainage ditches from February 1, 
1911, to September 30, 1912, was 196,584 acre-feet, the maximum 
mean monthly discharge during that period being 240 cubic feet per 
second. .On October 7, 1912, the drains were discharging 220 cubic 
feet per second. 

The following is cited as tending to show the efficiency of the system 
as constructed: 

A well located at the center of section 20, township 10 north, range 
20 east, had a depth of 12 feet with water 8 feet deep. This well went 
completely dry within 24 hours after the construction of a drain 
one-half mile northeast. 

Lands formerly tule beds and permanently covered with water 
are now sufficiently dry for plowing and farming, and other lands 
formerly alkalied and subirrigated now require irrigation. The 
drainage system has accomplished even more than was expected in 
so short a period of time. 

Following is a classification of the lands reclaimed by drainage: 


Acres. 

Lands permanently flooded before the construction of the drains. 5, 000 

Lands too wet for cultivation and flooded part of the time. 10,000 

Lands alkalied and subirrigated. 15,000 

Fig. 1 shows the areas reclaimed. 





20 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 


WATER FOR THE RESERVATION LANDS. 

The question of a sufficient water supply for the reservation lands 
is one of great importance to both the allottee and the white land 
owner. Since the apportionment by the department on March 26, 
1905, of 147 second-feet as the portion of the low-water flow of the 
Yakima River to which the Yakima Indian Reservation was entitled, 
the development of the new land has been slow, as the water users 
were not sure of any water after July 15 or August 1 of each year, 
and many acres of raw land within reach of water from the irrigation 
ditches as now constructed would have been cultivated long ago 
except for this shortage of water. 

RESOURCES OF THE YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

The resources of the reservation are amply sufficient to warrant the 
construction of irrigation works on as extensive a plan as is needed 
to secure maximum efficiency. The question as to the ability of the 
beneficiaries to successfully meet their financial obligations covering 
the item of cost is one that will be carefully weighed by the Congress 
in passmg upon the feasibility of the project and the extent to which 
it should be carried. In considering the question of resources, as 
related to the lands within the limits of the proposed project, it 
should be kept in mind that the expense of construction will have to 
be borne entirely by those allottees and white owners whose lands 
are within the limits of the project. This would be logically so with 
respect to white owners, but not necessarily so in the case of allottees. 
It is true, however, that a considerable portion of the allotments of 
the allottees which are within the limits of the project comprise their 
entire acreage. Such being the case, those allottees who would have 
to pay their proportionate share of the cost of construction, mainte¬ 
nance, and operation, whatever it might be, would have two sources 
of revenue—from individual and tribal lands. Any funds they might 
acquire in their individual capacity would necessarily come from the 
sale of their original allotments or a portion thereof, of inherited 
allotments in which they have an interest, or from the leasing of 
lands in which they may be interested. The proportionate share 
of tribal moneys would be their other source of revenue. 

TRIBAL RESOURCES. 

/ 

The census of the Yakima Indians as of July 1, 1912, shows a popu¬ 
lation of 3,046. Up to and including 1910, the allotments made on 
the reservation numbered 3,169. Allotting work has been in progress 
for two years, during which time approximately 700 selections have 
been made. It is very probable that before the close of allotting 
operations something in the neighborhood of 4,200 allotments will 
have been taken within the limits of the reservation; these allotments, 
of course, affect only the tribal resources and do not involve to any 
extent the individual financial standing of an allottee. 

That there might be available some reliable data as to the extent 
and value of the tribal resources on this reservation, an appraising 
commission was appointed to make a survey of the entire field. This 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 21 


work was carried on for nearly two years and completed in the fall of 
1910. The value of the tribal land, according to the schedules pre¬ 
pared by the appraising commission, was fixed at $1,023,453. The 
acreage involved was fixed at 762,313. 

The value of the timber on tribal land, as fixed by said commission, 
was $3,398,450. There have been no material changes with respect to 
conditions upon which these figures were based as they existed then and 
as they exist now. There have been no destructive fires or any consid¬ 
erable damage from any cause. The per capita valuation of the tribal 
resources can be conservatively placed at $1,500. Changes have been 
made in the way of opening roads, trails, and fire lines which have 
afforded protection to the timber, and a study of routes and methods 
of transportation makes the statement that it can be marketed with¬ 
out great expense a reasonably safe one. 

PRODUCTS. 

It is difficult to arrive at accurate figures as to the agricultural and 
horticultural possibilities of the reservation because, up to this time, 
no figures in the nature of a crop census are obtainable. There is 
available, however, certain general information which will have a 
bearing on that subject. 

The total acreage under cultivation within the limits of the project 
during the season of 1912 is fixed at 32,000. It is readily 
admitted that alfalfa is the principal growing crop. It is conserva¬ 
tive to say that about 24,000 acres are in alfalfa. This means approxi¬ 
mately 300 tracts of 80 acres each. The average yield per tract will be 
about 300 tons of merchantable hay. A year or two ago the surplus 
was undisposed of, but this year all the hay obtainable within the 
limits of the reservation will either have been sold or used for 
feeding on the ground. 

There is a considerable acreage in small grains, the returns from 
which are encouraging and very profitable. Potatoes and onions are 
good crops, and the yields of each are bountiful. Hops are suc¬ 
cessfully grown. 

The area so far planted to orchard is not large, yet the results being 
obtained are indicative of the value of the land as fruit land. The 
best land is producing abundantly; in fact, there are very few sec¬ 
tions of the reservation where it is at all probable that fruit would not 
do well. There are accessible markets for all products, with ready 
means of transportation. The roads and highways are being made as 
rapidly as possible, and extensions of transportation facilities will 
have a direct bearing upon the value of the lands. The present irriga¬ 
tion system has accomplished wonders with the country, considering 
the expense incurred in connection therewith. It is well known that 
it could be enlarged and improved, but in so doing, it should always be 
borne in mind that the beneficiaries, to a large extent, are Indians 
whose capacity as farmers and ranchers, in a great majority of cases, is 
yet to be ascertained; whose ability to actively compete with their 
neighbors is less than maximum; whose financial abihty to meet a 
construction charge for water is limited to their resources. To pro¬ 
ceed with the construction of this project on the same theory that 
would obtain w T ere the project being constructed for white people will 
result in disappointment. 


22 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

If there is to be a charge to be borne by the Indians, that charge 
must be met out of their property. To assume that they could as 
farmers be successful enough to pay their indebtedness from their 
crops will result in a disappointment to all concerned. Their inten¬ 
tions are good, but their surroundings and mode of life are such as 
to make such an aim unattainable. 

LAND VALUES. 

As showing the difference in the value of lands within the project 
and those outside of the limits thereof, the records of the agency 
contain some interesting data. The following gives the number of 
sales, the acreage involved, and the purchase price: 

1. For all sales on the reservation from July 1, 1909, to Sept. 30. 1912: 


Sales. 166 

Acreage. 11,497.22 

Total purchase price. $484, 204.13 

2. For all sales within the project from July 1, 1909, to Sept. 30, 1912: 

Sales. 110 

Acreage. 6, 771. 75 

Total purchase price.•. $398, 695. 50 


The difference represents all sales outside the project during the 
period. The average selling price of the lands within the project is 
$58.87; that for the lands outside of the project is $18.05. 

The total sales within the project number 231, with an acreage of 
16,150.36, the consideration being $792,385.23, the total average price 
being $49.05 per acre. 

The per acre value has been steadily increasing on lands both inside 
and outside of the project, but naturally the lands susceptible of 
irrigation will increase in value more rapidly than those where the 
question of a water supply is uncertain. 

There is a considerable difference between the appraised price of 
land outside and that inside, the difference depending entirely upon 
the conditions of soil, topography of country, and other natural con¬ 
ditions which enter into consideration in arriving at the probable 
value of each particular tract. 

As a general proposition, the best improved lands offered for sale 
are valued at about $100 per acre. This valution is for the land only, 
and it is very seldom that the improvements are considered. The 
sales which have been made have been based on the value of the 
land with the prospect of a shortage of water during the low-water 
season confronting the purchaser, and, further, with no water right. 
If the good lands have brought this figure under such conditions of 
uncertainty, it must be readily apparent that with a sufficient water 
right, permanently settled, value of the land within the project can 
be secured from the statement as to the rental received for improved 
lands under lease. The average rental for improved alfalfa lands is 
about $5 per acre per year. 

PETITIONS FOR WATER RIGHT. 

The following shows the results of the efforts to secure the consent 
of the Indians and other interested parties to the construction of the 
project from funds to be derived, in accordance with the plan enacted 








REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 23 


into the law generally referred to as the "Jones bill,” which is the act 
of March 6, 1906 (34 Stat. L., 53): 


Competent Indians. 14(5 

Minors on account of incompetent parents. 57 

Minor orphans. 14 

Incompetent adults. 327 

Minors’ competent parents. 69 

Deceased Indians, competent heirs and by superintendent for noncompetents... 96 

White land owners. 165 


Total. 874 


The lands covered in the foregoing table include those held in trust 
and on which patents in fee to both Indian and white owners had 
issued as of July 1, 1909. 

Subsequent to July 1 , 1909, a formal petition for the purchase of 
water rights has been in use, and all purchasers and applicants for 
patents in fee of lands within the project have been required to comply 
with the terms of said petition. 

A total acreage covered by the said 874 cases is estimated to be 
approximately 60,000 acres. 

If the total possible area of the project of 120,000 acres was divided 
into allotments of 80 acres each, there would be just 1,500 individual 
owners. There are, however, a larger number of interested persons 
due to the fact that some allottees have only 40 acres inside of the 
project, the balance of their land being outside thereof. The area of 
40-acre tracts within the project is estimated at 12,000 acres, repre¬ 
senting 300 individual owners, a total of 1,800 owners, of whom 
eight-ninths are Indians interested in the project. 

APPORTIONMENT OF WATER. 

fW if*’-: * , 

One of the plans under consideration during the past year relative 
to the apportionment of water provided that 32,000 acres of the total 
area within the project should receive water without construction 
charges for storage. It is assumed that the plan was to furnish each 
Indian family with a farm of a sufficient area for its support. Assum¬ 
ing that 80 acres was the size of a unit, this would mean that there 
would be 400 tracts of 80 acres each which would be furnished stor¬ 
age water without charge. This is a matter that would be quite 
difficult of adjustment, and no matter how adjusted would be the 
cause of friction and hard feeling on the part of the Indians and 
unquestionably would work a material hardship on some of them. 
Of the total free area, there would be a very small amount of land 
title to which has passed from the Government. All of the irrigable 
area has been allotted. 

The Indians in making their selections naturally tried to get all the 
land for all of the members of their families in one compact body. 
The wife is very seldom allotted under her husband’s name, the 
records showing the land to be her own. Their lands are not in all 
respect the same as community property, and it is hardly right that 
they should be put in that class. To furnish water to the head of the 
family, assuming that that expression means the father, and not to 
furnish water to the mother, or to any of the children now living and 
within a few years of their majority, would be to discriminate in favor 
of the few as against the many, in favor of those whose needs are sup- 










24 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 


posedly less than those who would receive no water. As to the area 
not now under irrigation, and amounting to 88,000 acres, this would 
result in the building up of deserts with small oases. It will bring 
about a condition especially difficult to handle in the matter of the 
payment of the construction charge of the entire acreage within the 
project without working a material hardship upon the allottees. 
They will be placed in a position which will force them to sell the land 
of the head of the family and for which storage water is furnished 
free to enable them to secure funds with which to pay for the neces¬ 
sary water for the balance of their lands. They consider their hold¬ 
ings collectively and not individually. The question of the size of 
the unit might well be considered, and it would seem wise to appor¬ 
tion, on a graduated scale, the total storage water available among 
all of the allottees within the limits of the project. 

THE YAKIMA PROJECT. 

It was at once recognized that the economical and proper develop¬ 
ment of the ultimate irrigation possibilities of the valley would best 
be obtained by combining all the reclamation work in the valley 
under one general project with a comprehensive program of develop¬ 
ment. The idea underlying the scheme of development proposed 
for the Yakima project has been the use for irrigation of the largest 

E ossible proportion of the run-off of the Yakima watershed, remem- 
ering that any scheme proposed should be flexible and broad enough 
to admit of the fullest possible development by future extensions, 
and that such scheme must contemplate the use of the unstorable 
flood waters of the watershed to the best advantage in conjunction 
with and to supplement the storage development. To make such a 
scheme successful necessitates the control of the water supply by 
some power which will impartially serve all the lands depending 
thereon. 

The lands of the Yakima Indian Reservation have been included 
in the general Yakima scheme, and the reasons therefor are apparent 
from the foregoing. These lands are officially designated as the 
Wapato unit. The other units included in the Yakima project are 
the Kittitas, Tieton, Sunnyside, and Benton, and the storage unit, 
which includes all of the proposed storage reservoirs on the Yakima 
watershed. There are other good lands in the Yakima Valley not 
included in the foregoing units, and there will probably be sufficient 
water available for an additional unit, comprising some higher lands. 
(See PL L) 

The Secretary of the Interior definitely authorized the construction 
of the Tieton and Sunnyside projects in March, 1906, and since that 
time the work has gone steadily forward, and at present the Tieton 
project is finished, and about 75 per cent of the Sunnyside project, 
including all the gravity lands, is under water, and only the pumping 
plants remain to be built. 

Under the storage unit Bumping Lake Dam, impounding 34,000 
acre-feet of water, has been finished; Kaehess Dam, impounding 
210,000 acre-feet of water, is nearing completion; construction on 
the dam at Lake Keechelus has been started. An irrigation district 
has been formed under State law for the construction of the Kittitas 
unit, and it is reported that final surveys have been completed and 
construction work will be commenced as soon as the necessary 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 25 


financial arrangements can be perfected. A preliminary exami¬ 
nation of the Benton unit was made by the Reclamation Service 
several years ago, and during 1912 a detailed examination of this 
unit was made by private parties, who are now understood to be 
considering the financial arrangements necessary to begin construc¬ 
tion. The Reclamation Service has done practically nothing toward 
an examination of the additional unit mentioned above, which might 
later be included in the Yakima project, but some surveys of this 
unit have been made by the Valleys of the Yakima Water Users’ 
Association. 

THE WAPATO UNIT. 

The Wapato unit lies entirely within the Yakima Indian Reserva¬ 
tion on the right bank of the Yakima River, its upper end being about 
6 miles southeast of the city of North Yakima, Wash., and about 
100 miles from the headwaters of the Yakima River. It contains 
about 106,000 acres of irrigable land, which can be reached by 
gravity flow, and from 14,000 to 20,000 acres additional, which can 
be watered by pumping. 

The lands are especially favorably situated as regards the cheap 
construction of an irrigation system, as the main body of land is 
reached almost as soon as the canal leaves the Yakima River, and no 
expensive flume or siphon construction is required. The lands have 
a uniform slope toward the southeast, and the proposed canal system 
is singularly free of expensive construction. 

The soil throughout is volcanic ash overlying gravel at a depth of 
from 4 to 8 feet. It is all very productive, the lower lands being 
admirably adapted to the production of forage crops, hops, and 
potatoes, while the higher lands will undoubtedly produce the best 
quality of fruits. 

The main line of the Northern Pacific Railway traverses the 
project from southeast to northwest and the Oregon-Washington 
Railroad & Navigation Co.’s line touches the project near th# point 
of diversion of the main canal. The North Yakima & Valley Rail¬ 
road is now constructing a fine from Toppenish to Fort Simcoe, 
traversing the heart of the project. 

The Reclamation Service has made various investigations of the 
lands and the irrigation possibilities of this unit, of which the follow¬ 
ing are the principal ones: 

(a) 1905. Reconnoissance of Satas Creek, a small stream in the 
eastern portion of the reservation, with a view to using the waters of 
the creek for the irrigation of some fifteen to twenty thousand acres 
of land on the reservation and east thereof near Mabton, Warfu 

( b ) 1905. Reconnoissance of reservation lands and estimates of 
cost of improving and extending the existing irrigation system. 

(c) 1906. Preliminary surveys and estimates of cost for an entirely 
new irrigation system. (See PL II.) 

(d) 1909. Detailed surveys and estimates of cost of constructing 
the main features of a complete irrigation system for about 120,000 
acres of reservation lands. 

(e) 1909. Report on drainage situation on reservation, dated 
January 9, 1909, by C. G. Elliott, Chief of Drainage Investigations, 
Department of Agriculture. 


26 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

(f) 1910. Recommendation of Board of Engineers to Secretary of 
the Interior on drainage ditches for reservation, dated June 27, 1910. 

(g) 1911. Detailed investigations of diversion sites on Yakima 
River with estimates of cost. 

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS. 

The 1905 reconnoissance showed that there were then four prin¬ 
cipal canals on the reservation—New Reservation Canal, Old Reser¬ 
vation Canal, Gilbert Canal, Hatch Canal—-watering in all about 
17,000 acres of land. The New and Old Reservation Canals were 
built by the Indian service, the former diverting water from the 
main channel of the Yakima River and the latter from a slough. 
These two canals with their laterals comprise the Yakima Indian 
Reservation irrigation system. The Gilbert and Hatch are private 
canals and divert water from Vanity Slough, a small channel which 
leaves the river near the upper end of the project and enters it again 
near the lower end. PI. Ill shows the layout of ditches existing 
in 1905. 

On the basis of this reconnoissance certain rough estimates were 
made for enlarging and extending the existing irrigation system to 
irrigate a total of about 128,000 acres by gravity and it was estimated 
that about 5,000 acres in addition to this could be covered by 
pumping. 

This reconnoissance indicated the physical possibility of the project, 
but as practically all the lands in the reservation had been allotted in 
80-acre tracts to the Indians, it was immediately recognized that 
nothing could be done until some legislation was had which would 
not only authorize the Reclamation Service to operate within the 
reservation, but which would also permit the Indian to dispose of a 
sufficient portion of his allotment to cover payment of the construc¬ 
tion charge for the remainder. Accordingly, at the instance of Con¬ 
gressman (now Senator) Wesley L. Jones, of Washington, and by- 
cooperation of the Indian Bureau and the Reclamation Service, sucli 
an act was framed and passed by Congress, becoming law on March 
6, 1906. This act provided that each Indian be permitted to dispose 
of all land in his possession in excess of 20 acres and also provided 
for the proper disposition of the funds resulting from such sales, a 
portion of which was to be covered into the reclamation fund in pay¬ 
ment of construction cost for the 20 acres retained by the Indian. 
For beginning construction, if the provisions of this act were com¬ 
plied with, a provisional allotment of $100,000 for the project was made 
by. the Secretary of the Interior on June 16, 1906. It was considered 
useless to commence negotiations with the Indians until more definite 
information as to water charges on the land could be furnished. 
Accordingly a more detailed survey of the reservation lands was 
instituted to determine as closely as possible, with the limited time 
and funds available, the probable cost per acre of irrigating the 
land. 

This survey indicated that the use of all the old system previously 
contemplated was not desirable and it was proposed to make use of 
only the New Reservation Canal of the existing system, as the other 
canals were poorly located and constructed, and consequently very 
inefficient. 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 27 

1 he general scheme on which these estimates were based contem¬ 
plated the use of a canal diverting from the west end of the Sunnyside 
Dam to water as much land as possible and the enlargement and 
extension of the New Reservation Canal to cover all remaining lands. 
The general scheme of lateral location was “ cross contour /’ that is, 
in the direction of the slope of the land, and it was proposed to use 
low velocities so as to cause a layer of silt to be deposited on the 
sides and bottoms of canals, which would tend to produce an imper¬ 
vious blanket. It was recognized as before that the canals con¬ 
structed in this porous soil would need some form of impervious 
lining and the silt blanket was intended to supply this. The esti¬ 
mates were based on a diversion duty of water of 1 cubic foot per 
second of time to 90 acres. A complete drainage system was figured 
on and included in the estimate. The canal system as proposed by 
these surveys is shown in PI. IT. 

On the basis of these surveys the Secretary of the Interior decided 
that for the purpose of negotiating with the Indians $24 per acre 
should be figured as the charge to be made against lands to be retained 
by the Indians under the Jones Act as the portion of the building 
charge of the Wapato project which these lands should pay. 

Following this decision an attempt was made to induce the Indians 
to agree to the sale of three-fourths of their allotments as permitted 
under the act of 1906. This was made the subject of two reports 
from Special Indian Agent C. E. Roblin to the Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs, the substance of which was that very little progress had been 
made; that the full-blooded Indians take a decided stand against 
this arrangement, but if they were given the full disposition of the 
proceeds of the sale their consent could be promptly obtained. 

PROPOSED PLANS FOR CONSTRUCTION. 

During 1908 and 1909 careful preliminary surveys were made by 
the Reclamation Service, with the view to determining the best sys¬ 
tem of canals and diainage ditches for the reservation lands. These 
surveys, plans, and estimates form the basis of the present estimates. 
They have been reviewed in detail by several boards of engineers, 
and are considered sufficiently accurate foi all purposes until final 
construction suiveys become necessary. 

Before entering on a detailed description of these plans it might 
be well to review the various schemes for watering the reservation 
lands which have been proposed. PI. IV shows the approximate 
outlines of the lands which have been proposed for irrigation. The 
main body of land to be watered by gravity is shown in green, and 
this area must be included in any scheme of development. The 
red color indicates higher lands which may be supplied by pumping, 
power therefor being supplied by drops in the gravity canals. Simi¬ 
larly, power could be transmitted from the same source to water 
about 4,000 acres of land at the eastern end of the project, colored 
yellow. The lands colored blue could be watered by an extension of 
the main gravity canal following along the slope north of Toppenish 
Ridge and around the east end of the ridge, or they might be watered 
from Satas Creek. Both these plans have been eliminated from 
serious consideration for the time being, the former because of the 
relatively great expense of carrying the long canal on steep hillsides, 


28 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

0 

and the latter is eliminated from consideration in connection with 
the Wapato project because it is really a project in itself and can not 
be taken up until more data are available in regard to the run-off 
from Satas Creek. A gauging station was established on this creek 
in the fall of 1908, and measurements have been made during 1909, 
1910, and 1911 which indicate an annual run-off of 60,000 to 117,000 
acre-feet, which would supply sufficient water to irrigate a consider¬ 
able body of land. 

The lands colored yellow aie not considered an integral part of the 
present project, but can be irrigated at any future time without inter¬ 
fering with the proposed system for the remainder of the project. 

The lands colored brown are all under gravity flow and include 
about 17,000 acres. Included in this is good land on the north slope 
of Toppenish Ridge, which is expensive to reach because it required a 
siphon across Toppenish Creek and a relatively long canal on steep 
hillside. For this reason it is considered undesirable at the present 
time to include it in the general project. The remaining lands boder- 
ing Toppenish Creek have been in a badly swamped and alkaline 
condition until the recent construction of a system of drains by the 
Indian service. It is estimated that about 6,000 acres have been or 
can be reclaimed by these drains and made fit for cultivation and 
this area is included in the project, the remainder being left out for 
the present, as the land is lowest in value of any on the project and 
it is desirable to ascertain more conclusively what effect the draining 
of same will have on their agricultural value. All of the lands included 
in this area may be covered from the proposed system by future 
extensions without affecting the present proposed construction. 

The project then, as at present proposed, is composed of 106,000 
acres of gravity lands and 14,000 acres of pumping lands, a total of 
120,000 acres. 

CONSTRUCTION PLANS. 

It is proposed to construct canals and laterals following a contour 
location and concentrating all excess grade at a minimum number 
of points rather than dissipating this excess grade in a large number 
of small drops. 

The object of this is threefold: 

First. By concentrating the fall at few points the power can be 
commercially developed and used for pumping water to higher lands, 
while small drops can not be economically developed and the power 
would be entirely wasted, besides requiring a large number of expen¬ 
sive structures to take care of these drops. 

Second. The canals on a contour location can be constructed with 
less excavation and therefore less expense. 

Third. The structure of the soil is such that the contour canals can 
lie kept out of the underlying gravel to a much greater extent than 
'‘cross contour” canals and therefore seepage, which is an especially 
important factor on this project, is reduced to a minimum. 

In these plans also the drainage system is simplified and the present 
irrigation laterals can with advantage be incorporated in the system 
as drains. 

These plans have been reviewed by several boards of engineers 
and have been the subject of much discussion and correspondence 
during the past three years. 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 29 

The plan finally adopted as the most feasible contemplates that 
the maximum water supply,, estimated at about 1,425 cubic feet 
per second, be diverted at or near the headworks of the New Reserva¬ 
tion Canal where a concrete diversion dam is to be built and a new 
head gate structure built or the present head gate remodeled to carry 
the increased quantity. 

The New Reservation Canal is to be enlarged for about 3 miles to 
carry 1,425 cubic foot-seconds. From a point 3 miles from the head gates 
1,110 cubic feet per second is dropped a distance of 24 feet (drop 0), 
developing 2,930 gross horsepower. About 6 miles from the head- 
works 928 cubic feet per second is dropped 40 feet (drop 1), developing 
4,083 gross horsepower. About 9 miles below the head gates a third 
drop occurs of 694 cubic feet* per second, 32 feet (drop 2), affording 
2,443 horsepower, and 4 miles farther down the last drop occurs, 
398 cubic feet per second, dropping 34 feet (drop 3), and affording 
1,488 gross horsepower. 

The total power available is 10,944 theoretical horsepower, of 
which that produced at drop 0, 2,930 horsepower, is to be used for 
direct pumping to 14,000 acres of land above the main canal. The 
use of the power developed at the other drops is left open for future 
consideration. It may be developed and transmitted to the point 
of the designated direct pumping plant and there used for pumping 
additional water to higher elevations where there is sufficient good 
land to absorb all the power available for this purpose, or the power 
may be leased under the provisions of law to private parties for 
similar use there or elsewhere. 

At the top of each drop, except No. 3, a main lateral is taken out 
watering lands to the west of the main canal (called for reference 
“Power canal”)- From these main laterals small distributing 
laterals are diverted as needed. No artificial drainage system is 
included in this portion of the project. At the bottom of each drop 
a main lateral is taken out watering lands to the east. From these 
laterals distributing laterals are diverted at each section line. 

DUTY OF WATER. 

The compact layout of the canal system for this project is especially 
favorable to a high duty of water. On the other hand, the structure 
of the soil is conducive to high seepage losses, as most of the soil is 
underlaid at depths of from 3 to 8 feet bv coarse gravel, and when 
canals cut into this seepage is bound to be very great. The prob¬ 
ability of high seepage losses, unless steps are taken to prevent them, 
is fully realized, and it is proposed to locate and build the laterals 
in such a manner as to hold the losses to minimum. It is difficult to 
estimate exactly to what extent seepage can be reduced by the pro¬ 
posed method of construction, and it is very probable that despite all 
‘ precautions that may be taken the losses from seepage will be rela¬ 
tively high. A loss from seepage and evaporation of 30 per cent, of the 
quantity diverted at the intake is considered a conservative estimate, 
in view of the fact that the losses on the Tieton and Sunnyside 
projects during the season of 1911 were 23.9 and 23.8 per cent, 
respectively, of the quantities diverted. 

On the Sunnyside unit an application of 3 acre-feet per acre per 
season is allowed, and on account of the similarity of climate and 


30 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

crops grown this is considered a proper value for the Wapato unit. 
If wc add to this 30 per cent of the gross diversion to cover losses 
the total diversion amounts to 4.29 acre-feet per acre per season 
of seven months. This requires an average diversion of about 1 
cubic foot per second to each 100 acres. The draft on the canals 
is not uniform throughout the season, and during July and August 
the quantity diverted will probably run up 25 per cent higher, corre¬ 
sponding to a diversion duty of 1 cubic foot-seconds to about 80 acres. 
For the purposes of design of canals and main laterals a capacity of 
1 cubic foot-seconds to each SO acres served is used, and on account 
of greater fluctuations required in sublaterals a capacity has been 
assumed for these of 1 cubic foot-seconds to 60 acres. For the canals 
to supply pump lands a capacity of 1 cubic foot-seconds to 100 acres 
served is allowed. This higher duty can be used because these 
higher lands will probably be planted mostly to fruit trees, which 
require less water, and the canals will be located in a more impervious 
soil, and will have less seepage; and, furthermore, this soil will retain 
the moisture better and therefore require less water for cultivation. 
It is also likely that these higher lands will be owned by a more con¬ 
servative class of irrigators who will realize the higher value of pumped 
water and will hold down their requirements to the minimum. 

DRAINAGE. 

The topography of the reservation lands is comparatively flat 
with a uniform slope over most of the project in a direction about 
15° east of south. The eastern two-thirds of the project is almost 
devoid of well-defined natural drainage channels, and this, combined 
with the large quantities of drainage water accumulating in the flats 
traversed by Toppenish Creek and the presence of strata of hardpan, 
has caused the water with its destructive alkali salts to creep steadily 
northward, destroying an increasingly wide strip of land. This con¬ 
dition has made manifest the fact that an irrigation system without 
a drainage system would be worse than useless. The proper method 
of draining these lands has therefore been given as much study as 
the canal and lateral system. 

The drainage situation had already become so serious in 1910 that 
an appropriation of $250,000 for construction of drams on the reser¬ 
vation was made by Congress. Subsequently on June 27, 1910, a 
board of engineers, consisting of representatives from the Indian 
Bureau, the Agricultural Department, and the Declamation Service, 
met to consider the best means of alleviating the conditions and 
made recommendation to the Secretary of the Interior for the con¬ 
struction of a main drainage channel approximately 1 mile north 
of Toppenish Creek on the line which had been determined by the 
Declamation Service engineers in former surveys as the proper loca¬ 
tion for such main drain. 

Pursuant to the recommendation of the above board of engineers 
the Indian Service constructed the drains as recommended, and the 
results have been so favorable that there now seems to be no ques¬ 
tion that an effective drainage system for these lands can be built 
along with the irrigation system. 

The first intention was to construct a drainage ditch above and 
parallel to each main lateral, but since the demonstration of efficiency 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 31 

made by the drainage ditches constructed to date, it seems that it 
will not bo necessary to build as many diains as was originally con¬ 
templated, and the estimates herewith submitted include only two 
main drains in addition to those already constructed and the con¬ 
struction of subdrains parallel to each sublateral at intervals of 1 
mile. The exact location of these subdrains is, however, not mate¬ 
rial at the present time, and they have been outlined in sufficient 
detail only to afford a conservative estimate of cost. It is intended 
that all drains shall tap the gravel substratum, and they will be con¬ 
structed of sufficient depth to cut through the top soil and tap the 
gravel at at least sufficiently frequent intervals to effect the desired 
drainage. 

LATERAL CONSTRUCTION. 

It is proposed to locate and construct the main laterals in such 
manner as to cut into the gravel as little as possible. To this end 
these laterals must be built mostly in fill, and no doubt it will be 
most economical to make these fills with the excavation from the 
drains where the laterals are paralleled by drams. Accordingly it 
is proposed to locate the laterals and drains with relation to each 
other, as indicated by fig. 2. The top soil is to be used for 
making an impervious blanket over the water section to prevent 
seepage through the banks. Where drains run parallel to laterals 
they will be made sufficiently large to serve as spillways for the lat¬ 
erals to such an extent as may be required for successful operation. 
The space between the drain and lateral can be used for a road from 
which inspection of both lateral and drain can be conveniently made. 
Each main lateral serves an entirely independent unit, and these 
units can be constiucted in such manner and with such rapidity as 
may seem desirable and as funds for same may be available. 

ESTIMATES OF COST. 

The estimates cover the cost of constructing the entiie irrigation 
and drainage system, including subdrains at intervals of 1 mile and 
sublaterals to each 80-acre tract, a power and pumping plant at drop 
O for supplying 14,000 acres, and the cost of storage works. 

DIVERSION DAM AND HEADWORKS. 


Assembling outfit. $200. 00 

Clearing and grubbing. 500. 00 

Embankment. 19, 050. 00 

Weir and abutments. 42,149. 00 

Headgates. 12, 282. 00 

Raising Northern Pacific Railway tracks. 4,000.00 


Total. $78,181.00 


ENLARGING NEW RESERVATION CANAL. 

[Capacity, 1,425 to 1,229 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 3.16 miles.] 


Grading main canal: 

Earth, 124,500 cubic yards, at 20 cents. $24, 900. 00 

Gravel, 124,500 cubic yards, at 30 cents. 37, 350. 00 

-$62, 250. 00 

Sublaterals: 

4,450 acres, at $5. 22, 250. 00 














32 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 


Structures: 

4 turnouts from main canal, at $350. $1, 400. 00 

3 highway crossings, at $700. 2,100. 00 

3 highway crossings, at $100. 300. 00 

42 sublateral turnouts, and measuring boxes, at $35. 1,470. .00 

-$5, 270. 00 


Total 


89, 770. 00 


EXTENSION A—NEW RESERVATION CANAL. 

[Capacity, 119 to 35 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 14.60 miles.] 


Grading main canal: 

Earth, 69,600 cubic yards, at $0.20. $13, 920. 00 

Gravel, 34,800 cubic yards, at $0.30. 10, 440. 00 

WWWk ' - $24,360.00 

Sublaterals: 

9,500 acres, at $5. 47, 500. 00 

Structures: 

Head works at New Reservation Canal, 119 cubic foot- 

seconds, at $13.10.1. 1, 560. 00 

14 turnouts from main canal, at $350. 4, 900. 00 

2 highway crossings over main canal, at $700. 1,400. 00 

9 highway crossings over sublaterals, at $100. 900. 00 

81 sub lateral turnouts, at $35. 2, 835. 00 

- 11, 595. 00 


Total. 83, 455. 00 


EXTENSION B—NEW RESERVATION CANAL. 


[Capacity, 58 to 28 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 12.45 miles.] 


Grading main canal: 

Earth, 28,600 cubic yards, at $0.20. $5, 720. 00 

Gravel, 14,300 cubic yards, at $0.30. 4, 290. 00 


Sub laterals: 

4,410 acres, at $4. 17, 640. 00 

Structures: 

Head works at drop No. 1, 58 cubic foot-seconds, at 

$13.10.r. 760.00 

6 turnouts from main lateral, at $350. 2,100. 00 

11 highway crossings, at $100. 1,100. 00 

35 sublateral turnouts, at $35. 1, 225. 00 

- 5,185. 00 


Total 


32, 835. 00 


EXTENSION C—NEW RESERVATION CANAL. 

[Capacity, 28 to 16 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 5.22 miles.] 


Grading main canal: 

Earth, 18,800 cubic yards, at $0.20. $3, 760. 00 

Gravel, 9,400 cubic yards, at $0.30. 2, 820. 00 


Sublaterals: 

2,240 acres, at $3. 6, 720. 00 

Structures: 

Headworks at drop No. 2, 28 cubic foot-seconds, at 

$13.10. 367. 00 

2 turnouts from main canal, at $350. 700. 00 

6 highway crossings, at $100. 600. 00 

7 sublateral turnouts, at $35. 245. 00 

--— 1, 912. 00 


Total 


15, 212. 00 











































REPOET ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 33 


POWER CANAL. 

[Capacity, 1,110 to 398 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 10.82 miles.] 


Grading main canal: 

Earth, 392,200 cubic yards, at $0.20. $78, 440. 00 

Gravel, 392,200 cubic yards, at $0.40. 156, 880. 00 


Sublaterals: 

1,760 acres, at $3. 5, 280. 00 

Structures: 

DropO. 16,000.00 

Drop 1. 18,530.00 

Drop 2. 13,535.00 

Drop 3. 9,045.00 

, 1 turnout from main canal. 350. 00 

4 highway crossings, at $700. 2, 800. 00 

10 sublateral turnouts, at $35. 350. 00 

- 60, 610. 00 


Total. 301,210.00 


PUMPING CANAL. 

[Capacity, 140 to 28 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 36 miles.] 


Grading main canal: 

Earth, 211,200 cubic yards, at $0.20. $42, 240. 00 

Gravel, 105,600 cubic yards, at $0.30. 31, 680. 00 

- $73,920.00 

Sublaterals: 

14,000 acres, at $3. 42,000. 00 

Structures: 

14 turnouts from main canal, at $350. 4,900. 00 

11 highway crossings, at $100. 1,100. 00 

81 sub lateral turnouts, at $35... 2, 835. 00 

- 8, 835. 00 


Total. 124,755.00 


MAIN LATERAL II (WITHOUT DRAIN). 

[Capacity, 127 to 52 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 4.18 miles.] 


Grading main lateral: 

Earth, 30,600 cubic yards, at $0.20. $6,120. 00 

Gravel, 30,600 cubic yards, at $0.30. 9,180. 00 

- $15, 300. 00 

Sublaterals: 

10,160 acres, at $5. 50, 800. 00 

Structures: 

Headworks at power canal, 127 cubic foot-seconds, at 

$13.10... 1,665.00 

6 turnouts from main canal, at $350. 2,100. 00 

1 railroad crossing. 2,100. 00 

3 highway crossings, at $700. 2,100. 00 

10 highway crossings, at $100. 1, 000. 00 

67 sublateral turnouts, at $35. 2, 345. 00 

- 11, 310. 00 


Total. 77,410.00 


H. Doc. 1299, 62-3-3 








































34 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 


MAIN LATERAL III (WITHOUT DRAIN). 

[Capacity, 186 to 55 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 8.65 miles.] 


Grading main lateral: 

Earth, 162,500 cubic yards, at $0.20. $32, 500. 00 

Gravel, 162.500 cubic yards, at $0.30. 48, 750. 00 

-$81,250.00 

Sublaterals: 

14,900 acres, at $5 . 74, 500. 00 

Structures: 

Headworks at power canal, 186 cubic foot-seconds, at 

$13.10... 2,440.00 

9 turnouts from main lateral, at $350. 3,150.00 

1 railroad crossing (lateral). 2,100. 00 

4 highway crossings, at $700. 2, 800. 00 

14 highway crossings, at $100. 1, 400. 00 

116 sublateral turnouts, at $35. 4, 060. 00 

- 15, 950. 00 


Total 


171, 700. 00 


MAIN LATERAL IV (WITHOUT DRAIN). 

[Capacity, 296 to 76 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 11.55 miles.] 


Grading main lateral: 

Earth, 313,600 cubic yards, at $0.20. $62, 720. 00 

Gravel, 156.800 cubic yards, at $0.30. 47, 040. 00 

- $109, 760. 00 

Sublaterals: 

23,630 acres, at $5. 118,150. 00 

Structures: 

Headworks at power canal, 296 cubic foot-seconds, at 

$13.10... 3,930.00 

12 turnouts from main lateral, at $350. 4, 200. 00 

1 railroad crossing over lateral. 2,100. 00 

4 highway crossings, at $700. 2, 800. 00 

23 highway crossings, at $100.. 2, 300. 00 

172 sublateral turnouts, at $35. 6, 020. 00 

- 21,350. 00 


Total. 249,260.00 


MAIN LATERAL V (WITHOUT DRAIN). 


[Capacity, 398 to 101 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 15.5 miles.] 


Grading main lateral: 

Earth, 510,560 cubic yards, at $0.20. $102,112. 00 

Gravel, 255,280 cubic yards, at $0.30. 76, 584. 00 


Sublaterals: 

22,630 acres, at $5... 

Structures: 

Headworks at power canal, 398 cubic foot-seconds, at 


$13.10. 5,220.00 

14 turnouts from main lateral, at $350. 4, 900. 00 

1 railroad crossing over lateral. 2,100. 00 

6 highway crossings, at $700. 4,200.00 

18 highway crossings, at $100. 1, 800. 00 

158 sublateral turnouts, at $35. 5, 530. 00 


$178, 696. 00 
113,150. 00 


23, 750. 00 


Total 


315, 596. 00 









































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 35 


MAIN LATERAL VI (WITHOUT DRAIN). 

[Capacity, 115 to 86 cubic foot-seconds. Length, 9.5 miles.] 


Glading main lateral: 

Earth, 202,600 cubic yards, at $0.20. $40, 520. 00 

Gravel, 101,300 cubic yards, at $0.30. 30, 390. 00 


Sublaterals: 

9,150 acres, at $5. 45 , 750 . 00 

Structures: 

Headworks, main lateral V, 115 cubic foot-seconds, at 

$13.10. 1,510.00 

1 4-foot drop, 115 cubic foot-seconds. 720. 00 

1 5-foot drop, 115 cubic foot-seconds. 900. 00 

1 6 -foot drop, 115 cubic foot-seconds. 1 , 080. 00 

1 7-foot drop, 115 cubic foot-seconds. 1, 260. 00 

6 turnouts from main lateral, at $350. 2,100. 00 

I railway crossing. 2 , 100 . 00 

5 highway crossings, at $700. 3, 500. 00 

II highway crossings, at $100 . 1 , 100 . 00 

77 sublateral turnouts, at $35 . 2, 695. 00 

- 16, 965. 00 


Total. 133,625.00 

DRAINS. 

Main drain along line of lateral IV: 366,750 cubic yards excavation, at 

$0.15... 55,012.00 

Main drain along lower half of lateral V: 243,000 cubic yards excavation, 

at $0.15. 36,450.00 

Cross drains at intervals of 1 mile: 1,710,000 cubic yards excavation, at 

$0.15.. 256,500.00 

Two railway crossings over main drains. 10,000. 00 

18 highway crossings, at $400. 7, 200. 00 

108 highway crossings, at $300. 32,400. 00 

36 inlets for cross drains, at $100. 3, 600. 00 


Total. 401,162.00 


MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. 


Power and pumping plant at drop O.-. 73, 900. 00 

Waste ways for main laterals. 50, 000. 00 

100 miles of telephone line, at $150. 15,000. 00 

Right of way and damages... 100 , 000 . 00 

Cost of old irrigation system. 272, 253. 57 

Cost of drainage system. 229, 477. 71 


SUMMARY OF ESTIMATES. 


Diversion dam and headworks. 78,181. 00 

Enlargement, New Reservation Canal-:. 89, 770. 00 

Extension A, New Reservation Canal. 83,455.00 

Extension B, New Reservation Canal. 32, 835. 00 

Extension C, New Reservation Canal. 15, 212. 00 

Power canal. 301,210.00 

Pumping canal. 124, 755. 00 

Main lateral II and sublaterals. 77,410. 00 

Main lateral III and sublaterals. 171, 700. 00 

Main lateral IV and sub laterals. 249, 260. 00 

Main lateral V and sublaterals. 315, 596. 00 

Main lateral VI and sublaterals. 133, 625. 00 

Drainage system. 401,162. CO 

Wasteways. 50,000.00 

Telephone lines. 15, 000. 00 


2,139,171. 00 


















































36 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 


Plus 25 per cent. $534, 793. 00 


2, 673, 964. 00 

Power and pumping plant at drop 0. 73, 900. 00 

Right of way and damages. 100,000. 00 

Expenditures to date. 501, 731. 28 


3, 349, 595. 28 

Storage. 1, 800,000. 00 


Total. 5,149,595.28 

(See PI. V.) 


It will be remembered that the irrigation plan proposed contem¬ 
plates using the power developed at drop O only. The other drops 
represent a considerable value which can be realized by a future 
development and should operate to reduce the construction cost of 
the project lands. The capitalized value of the 8,014 gross horse¬ 
power which can be developed has been estimated as over $1,000,000, 
while the cost of developing this power is estimated to be about 
$240,000. 

STORAGE UNIT. 

It is generally recognized that further development of irrigation in 
the Yakima Valley is entirely dependent upon storage of the flood 
waters of the Yakima River and its tributaries. The need for storage 
was apparent when the Reclamation Service first began operations in 
the Yakima Valley and it has been necessary to store water for all 
lands which have been put under irrigation since then. The analysis 
of the storage possibilities in the Yakima Valley is a very complex 
problem and for the purposes of this report it will be resolved into the 
following factors which are taken up for discussion individually: 

First. The determination of the quantity of water that can be 
stored in the available and feasible reservoir sites. 

Second. The determination of the cost of construction of storage 
dams and appurtenant structures. 

Third. The determination of the maximum area of land that can 
be supplied by the use of such storage reservoirs in conjunction with 
the uncontrollable natural flow of the river. 

Fourth. The division of the cost of storage development among 
the various projects depending upon storage. 

THE QUANTITY OF WATER THAT CAN BE STORED. 

Thorough examination of the storage possibilities of the Yakima 
watershed has been made, as a result of which it has been determined 
that the most feasible sites available are three large lakes near the 
headwaters of the Yakima, viz, Keechelus, Kachess, and Clealum; 
Bumping Lake on the Bumping River, a tributary of the Naches; and 
McAllisters Meadows reservoir site near the headwaters of the Tieton 
River. These reservoirs are capable of storing only a small percent¬ 
age of the annual run-off from the Yakima watershed. There are 
other smaller reservoir sites in the basin which may be susceptible of 
development at some future time, but in the light of our present 
knowledge of the value of water and the feasibility and cost of devel¬ 
opment of these sites, it is not safe to include these in the present 
determination of storage possibilities and cost of development. The 











REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 37 


determination of the quantity of water available for storing at any 
particular point is a problem which requires the gathering of records 
covering years, which is a further reason for giving definite consider¬ 
ation to only such sites for which a comparatively long period of 
records is available. Gocd records of the run-off from Lakes Kachess, 
Keechelus, and Clealum, and the total run-off at Union Gap have 
been kept since 1903. The information in regard to Bumping Lake 
and McAllisters Meadows Reservoirs is not so good, but the records 
which are available indicate that there is probably a large excess of 
run-off at both these sites over the storage which can be developed, and 
it can therefore be figured on with a sufficient degree of certainty. 

Lakes Kachess and Clealum are susceptible of development to a 
capacity greater than the minimum run-off of their respective basins. 
Lake Keechelus can be developed to a capacity nearly equal to the 
minimum run-off. A dam has already been built at Bumping Lake, 
storing 34,000 acre-feet of water, and a dam at Lake Kachess is prac¬ 
tically completed and will afford a storage capacity in the reservoir 
of 210,000 acre-feet. The proposed development at the other reser¬ 
voirs will give capacities as follows: 

Acre-feet. 


Lake Keechelus. 165, 000 

Lake Clealum. 490,000 

McAllisters Meadows. 183,000 


making a total storage capacity of 1,082,000 acre-feet. Various data 
in regard to the run-off and storage capacity of these reservoirs are 
given in the tables and diagrams in the Appendix, pages 43 to 66, 
figs. 3 to 12, inclusive. 

Temporary crib dams were built in 1907 at Lakes Keechelus and 
Clealum to provide a small amount of storage until such time as the 
permanent dams were constructed. Bumping Lake Reservoir was 
constructed at once for the purpose of providing water supply to 
canals heading in the Naches River in order that the waters of the 
Tieton, a tributary of the Naches, and already appropriated, might be 
diverted upon the Tieton unit. This reservoir, however, must now be 
considered as a part of the general storage unit and its cost included 
in such development. 

COST OF STORAGE DEVELOPMENT. 

The Bumping Lake Reservoir has been completed at a cost of 
$525,000. This reservoir is located about 47 miles from Naches City, 
the nearest railway point, and about 60 miles west of the city of 
North Yakima. The possible variation of water level in the reser¬ 
voir is 35J feet. The dam is made of earth and has a maximum 
height of 45 feet and a maximum length of 3,400 feet. It is 20 feet 
wide on top and has a slope of 3 to 1 upstream and 2 to 1 down¬ 
stream. The dam is curved in plan. The outlet channel is a 7-foot 
diameter circular reenforced concrete conduit built under the dam 
near the center and is controlled by two sets of gates with two 
gates for each set, one set being for emergency use in case the other 
should get out of order. The gates are operated by hand from a 
concrete tower, the tower being connected to the crest of the dam 
with a steel footbridge. A concrete spillway with crest length of 235 
feet is built at the north end of the dam. 





38 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

Fhe estimated cost of Kachess Dam, which is now nearing comple¬ 
tion. is $553,000. This dam is being built across the Kachess Iiher, 
about 1.700 feet below the outlet of Lake Kachess in the Cascade Moun¬ 
tains. The dam is of earth and has a crest elevation of 2,268, about 40 
feet above the normal level of the lake. The outlet works have been 
constructed to draw off the water to elevation 2,195. The variation 
in the level of the lake between empty and full reservoir is 65 feet. 
The spillway-*, which is located about 3.000 feet east of the dam, has a 
crest elevation of 2 258, 10 feet below the top of the dam. Its length 
is 250 feet between abutments. The outlet channel is a reenforced 
concrete conduit, horseshoe shape, 12 feet wide, 12 feet high, and 
300 feet long. At the upper end is a concrete gate tower reached by 
a steel bridge from the embankment and from which are controlled 
two sets of gates, each set consisting of three gates, 4 feet wide and 
10 feet high. Water is conducted to the outlet conduit from the 
lake through a channel 1.200 feet long, a concrete approach conduit 
1.400 feet long, and an open approach channel 265 feet long. Below 
the dam a paved open channel 700 feet long extends to the river. In 
this reservoir storage is obtained by both lowering and raising the 
normal level of the lake. The lowering of the lake level was made 
possible by constructing the dam in such a location that the outlet 
could be made into the Kachess River at a point 1,700 feet below the 
outlet from the lake, which afforded a drop of something over 30 feet, 
which is taken advantage of by a short cut through the outlet works, 
as constructed. 

The dam at Lake Keechelus will be located across the Yakima 
River at the outlet of the lake. This dam is estimated to cost 
$1,064,000. The type of construction proposed is an earth dam. 
In this dam, as has been done in Lake Kachess, it is proposed to 
obtain a portion of the storage by lowering the normal lake level. 
The proposed spillway will be 287 feet long and will have an elevation 
of about 54 feet above the stream and 10 feet below the top of the 
dam. 

The reservoir at Lake Clealum is the largest of those proposed. 
Here again it is proposed to take advantage of the possibility of 
drawing down the normal lake level in order to obtain storage. To 
accomplish this it is proposed to construct a tunnel miles long 
through the mountains between the outlet of the lake and the Yakima 
River. It is estimated that the lake can be drawn down in this man¬ 
ner about 65 feet below its normal level and will produce a storage of 
about 100 000 acre-feet. 

In addition to this tunnel, it is proposed to build an earth dam 
across the Clealum River a short distance below the outlet of the 
lake. This dam will have a maximum height of about 132 feet and 
a maximum length of 770 feet. The spillway crest will be 660 feet 
long at an elevation of 2.243, or 120 feet above the normal level of 
the lake. The cost of the tunnel and dam is estimated as $2,524,000. 

The McAllister Meadow Reservoir is located on the Tieton River, 
the dam site being about 6 miles west of the headworks of the main 
canal of the Tieton project. This reservoir differs from the others 
in that there is no natural lake, but the site is a large open meadow. 
The topography is such that a relatively high dam produces a cheaper 
unit cost of storage than a lower dam. In fact, very little storage is 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 39 

obtained with a dam less than 100 feet high. The height of dam 
proposed is 200 feet, and the type of construction a combination 
rock fill and earth dam. The spillway and outlet tunnel will be cut 
through the solid rock around the west end of the dam. The com¬ 
plete cost of this development is estimated at $1,634,000. 

The following is a summary of the estimated cost and capacity of 
the reservoirs: 


Reservoir. 

Capacity 
in acre-feet. 

Probable 

cost. 

General contingencies. 


$500,000 
525,000 
553,000 
1,064,000 
2,524,000 
1,634,000 

Bumping Lakel. 

34,000 
210,000 
165,000 
490,000 
183,000 

Lake Kachess. 

Lake Keechelus. 

Lake Clealum. 

McAllister Meadows. 

Total. 

1,082,000 

6,800,000 



AREA OF LAND THAT CAN BE SUPPLIED. 

To determine this it is necessary to make certain assumptions in 
regard to the locations and areas of lands to be supplied and the 
quantity of water which they will require. Selection has accordingly 
been made of certain projects embodying definite areas and estimates 
made of the quantity of water which they will require during the 
irrigation season and the rate of use during the individual months of 
the season. (See table, p. 41.) It is assumed that the period from 
1903 to 1911, during which we have records (Tables II to X, pp. 
44 to 56), is a typical one and that if sufficient water was available 
during these seasons it is probable that any cycle in the future will 
show similar conditions. Determination has therefore been made 
through the various tables included in this analysis of how the avail¬ 
able storage would vary during each year on the assumption that all the 
lands included in table on page 41 were under irrigation and using the 
quantities of water as listed. The nearest approach to the condition 
of all reservoirs being empty would have been in such a year as 1906, 
when only about 10 per cent of the total reservoir capacity remained 
unused at the end of the irrigation season. We thus find that the 
total requirements balanced against available storage at no time 
indicate a shortage of water, so that it seems safe to assume that with 
the full storage development there will be sufficient water for all the 
lands included in this tabulation. 

A few general statements in explanation of this analysis are 
desirable. 

The controlling point along the river for determining river flow was 
taken at Union Gap. Below this point the present irrigation and 
power requirements exceed the present return flow but are far less 
than the lowest estimate of increase in return flow due to additional 
irrigation. It is therefore sufficient that enough water be supplied 
at this point to satisfy the demands of the Sunnyside project and 
also the Wapato and Benton projects when built. Any water taken 
for irrigation above by new canals would deplete the Union Gap flow 
by that much unless supplied from storage. Any surplus which 

















40 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

would pass Union Gap in excess of Sunnyside, Wapato, and Benton 
requirements can be taken out above without drawing on storage. 
The requirements of the Cascade Canal Co. and the Union Gap Canal 
Co. are included in the list of irrigation requirements because under 
their agreements with the United States under which the Reclama¬ 
tion Service removed conflicting claims on Clealum and Kachess 
Lakes it is required that they be supplied from storage il necessary. 

The flow at Union Gap has been corrected to what it would have 
been had no storage existed in the past and had no diversions been 
made by the Tieton, Cascade, and Union Gap Canals. Consideration 
has been given to the effect of evaporation upon the surface of reser¬ 
voirs over that from the present lake surfaces, seepage from reservoirs, 
and carriage losses and reduced return flow from old canal irrigation 
on the one hand and of increased return flow due to new irrigation on 
the other. Every one of these factors is highly uncertain. Balancing 
up gains against losses from all of the above causes, it is believed that 
it may be safely assumed that a large favorable balance will ulti¬ 
mately remain, but that it would not be conservative, either in the 
determination of irrigable area to figure on a present increase or in 
the estimate of storage cost to permit any present reduction. It 
appears desirable to consider such balance rather as a margin of 
safety necessary to cover occasional excessive release of storage 
water which in a complicated system like that in the Yakima Basin 
can not be avoided, and should any favorable balance remain, as is 
likely, it will permit ultimately of an increase in the area which can 
be irrigated and a corresponding reduction in the cost of storage to 
all the projects. 

DIVISION OF COST. 

In dividing the cost of storage development among the projects 
credit must be given to the Sunnyside and Wapato projects for prior 


rights, as follows: 

Sunnyside. 

Total required diversion. 1 6, 597 

Credit 650 cubic foot-seconds for 7 months. 4, 550 

Difference. 2. 047 

Proportionate area to pay storage: 102,000X2,047-^-6,597=31,600 acres. 

Wapato. 

Total required diversion. 2 8, 578 

Credit 147 cubic foot-seconds for 7 months. 1, 029 

Difference. 7,549 


Proportionate area to pay storage: 120,000X7,549-1-8,578=105,600 acres. 

The Cascade Canal Co. canal and the Union Gap canal, as listed in 
the following table showing irrigation requirements, are not involved 
in the division of cost of storage, as these quantities, as previously 
stated, are pledged in accordance with agreements with the United 
States under which the Reclamation Service removed conflicting 
claims on Clealum and Kachess Lakes. 


1 60 acre-foot units for 102,000 acres. 


2 For 120,000 acres. 











REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 41 


Irrigation requirements. 


Project. 

Area 

(acres). 

Di¬ 

ver¬ 

sion 

duty. 

Divisions in cubic feet per second. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Total. 

Kittitas. 

Cascade Canal Co. 

High Line. 

Yakima Canal Co. 

Requirements at— 

Umtanum. 

82,000 

9,000 

100,000 

8,000 

$3.00 

3. 75 
2. 50 

0 

0 

477 

0 

783 

0 

1,045 

64 

826 

0 

1,092 

67 

871 

105 

1,137 

71 

845 

105 

1,137 

69 

775 

70 

1,017 

63 

0 

0 

342 

0 

4,100 

280 

6,247 

334 



477 

0 

28 

912 

1,104 

828 

1,892 

319 

28 

1,117 

1,328 

996 

1,985 

342 

28 

1,117 

1,416 

1,060 

2,184 

353 

28 

1,117 

1,474 

1,106 

2,156 

342 

28 

1,117 

1,474 

1,106 

1,925 

331 

19 

800 

1,118 

840 

342 

0 

14 

417 

664 

498 


Tieton. 

Union Gap Canal Co... 

Sunnyside. 

Wapato. 

Benton. 

Aggregate require¬ 
ments. 

34,700 
3,000 
102,000 
120,000 
90,000 

2.90 

3.90 
4.29 
4.29 

1,687 

173 

6,597 

8,578 

6,434 



3,349 

5,680 

5,948 

6,262 

6,223 

5,033 

1,935 

34,430 


The total cost of storage development, as previously stated, is 
$6,800,000. The total diversions of all the projects, as included in the 
foregoing list which must pay for storage, in round numbers is 
1,700,000 acre-feet, resulting in a cost at point of diversion of $6,800,000 
divided by 1,700,000, or $4 per acre-foot. (See Table XI, p. 56.) 

The Wapato unit requires a total diversion of 453,000 acre-feet for 
105,600 acres included in the project which has no water right, making 
the cost of storage to the Wapato unit in round numbers $1,800,000. 

The cost of $4 per acre-foot does not include any interest charges. 

In the determination of a just division of general storage charges, 
broad policies are involved in regard to priorities which have a deter¬ 
mining influence on the use of the figures presented. In inducing 
private canal owners to make mutual agreements limiting the amount 
of water to be diverted, the Reclamation Service aimed at clearing 
up a situation as to water rights in the Yakima Valley which was 
yearly becoming more complicated and liable to result in extensive 
litigation. Under the operation of these mutual agreements it has so 
far been possible to avoid all disagreement and litigation, to the im¬ 
mense benefit of the general community. It appears highty advisable 
to adopt the policy of disregarding priorities and apply this -policy 
when possible to all irrigation dependent upon storage works built 
or to be built by the Reclamation Service. 

As long as the different projects of the Yakima Basin are to be 
considered as units of a general project containing all of the lands 
dependent upon storage water, which storage water it is impossible 
to control otherwise than through a single strong central organization, 
a discrimination as to priority can not be justified. The period of 
construction is a mere phase in the development of such an irrigation 
system. The accident of one unit of the project being constructed 
prior to another unit should not result in a perpetual difference in 
the claims on the necessary water; for instance, lands near the point 
of diversion of any reclamation project should not be given prior 
rights to any water available for that project merely because they 
were put under irrigation before the lands more distant from the point 
of diversion. 

It is also highly advisable, if not imperative, if future litigation 
between groups of water users depending upon Reclamation Service 























































42 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 

storage is to be avoided, that the supply of needed water be not 
divided between what may come from excess flow in the river and 
what may have to be taken from storage. A study of river con¬ 
ditions since 1903 shows large fluctuations from year to year, and the 
amount stored in the reservoirs and released during the season, as 
well as the water drawn from the unreenforced river flow, varies 
greatly each year. In an arbitrary manner a line might be drawn 
between supplies furnished from the river and supplies from storage, 
and such line might happen to apply fairly for one year, but would 
certainly not fit the conditions for other years. It should also be 
borne in mind that after certain records have accumulated and hydro¬ 
graphs based thereon have been carefully checked, computed, and 
studied certain deductions may finally be made bearing on such 
division of waters, but that from day to day during the irrigation 
season supplies must be furnished without quibbling or delay and 
before careful determination can be made of the quantities of water 
to which any particular project may be entitled. 

It is a further fact that river flow in a basin like that of the Yakima 
River is very complex, being affected by inflow from numerous small 
and unmeasured streams, return flow from irrigated areas, rainfall, 
evaporation, seepage, and canal diversion, which make final differen¬ 
tiation between storage water and natural river flow, even after 
careful study and comparison, a matter by no means capable of 
mathematical proof and therefore necessarily affected by personal 
judgment and subject to argument and dispute. 

In view of the above, it is deemed unwise to attempt to differentiate 
between water supply furnished from natural river flow and from 
storage, and it is believed that any disagreements which may arise 
would be minimized by basing storage development and requirements 
upon past hydrographs and upon specific amounts to be diverted 
throughout the season regardless, so far as the users are concerned, 
of their source. Should shortage result during the years of extremely 
low run-off, such shortage could he prorated over all the projects 
not actually possessing prior rights at the present time, in which 
event the per cent of shortage for each would probably be small and 
the resulting aggregate injury a minimum. Such a course appears 
far preferable to attempting to concentrate the shortage upon specific 
areas as the result of a consideration of priority or arbitrary assump¬ 
tions as to river and storage supplies. 

North Yakima, Wash., October 22, 1912 . 


APPENDIX. 


Analysis of condition of water supply 1903 to 1911 assuming full development of 
irrigation requirements as shown in table, page 62. 

In the comparison of irrigation requirements with available run-off and storage, the 
following conditions have been observed and assumptions made: 

1. That all private projects above Union Gap (not included in the listed irrigation 
requirements) were fully supplied and that the run-off measured at Union Gap would 
always have been available for other projects. 

2. That all private projects below Union Gap (not included in the listed irriga¬ 
tion requirements) would have been fully supplied by return flow from other projects 
above. 

3. That increased return flow will compensate for evaporation losses from the reser¬ 
voirs and losses in transport down the river. 

4. That the aggregate stored in Keechelus and Kachess reservoirs does not exceed 
the surplus available at Easton. 

5. That, the aggregate stored in Keechelus, Kachess and Clealum reservoirs does 
not exceed the surplus available at Umtanum. 

6. That the aggregate stored in all reservoirs does not exceed surplus available at 
Union Gap. 

7. That storage in any one reservoir does not exceed its capacity. 

8. Run-off at various dam sites are observed flows corrected for artificial storage. 

o 


Table I.— Union Gap flow. 


[Figures give mean monthly flow in cubic foot-seconds. Summations are in (30 acre-foot units.] 


Month. 

1903-4 

1904-5 

1905-6 

1906-7 

1907-8 

1908-9 

1909-10 

1910-11 

November. 

3,920 

2,082 

1,439 

12,504 

1,362 

2,488 

10,266 

5,898 

December. 

5,026 

2, 778 

1,746 

3,865 

2,194 

1,669 

5,994 

3,043 

January. 

3,482 

1,830 

1,929 

2,338 

1,526 

1,995 

3,087 

2,354 

February. 

2,430 

1, 730 

3,851 

6,812 

1,313 

1,854 

2,912 

1,425 

March. 

3,487 

7,540 

3,499 

4,924 

6,228 

2,237 

14,274 

3,252 

Total. 

18,345 

15,960 

12,464 

30,443 

12,623 

10,243 

36,533 

15,972 

April. 

16,730 

4,750 

10,107 

8,730 

7,159 

4,417 

12,278 

5,125 

May. 

14,400 

4,930 

7,974 

14,360 

9,505 

7,254 

12,210 

7,385 

June. 

11,460 

8,320 

4,363 

7,446 

10,395 

9,837 

5,789 

8,255 

July. 

5,044 

2,815 

1,876 

2,421 

6,639 

3,257 

1,836 

2,600 

August. 

1,392 

1,027 

567 

2,526 

1,340 

834 

700 

923 

September. 

938 

974 

732 

871 

875 

808 

801 

1,813 

October. 

1,036 

3,200 

2,433 

1,014 

1,058 

1,089 

3,053 

1,078 

Total. 

51,000 

26,016 

28,052 

37,368 

36,971 

27,496 

37,167 

27,179 

Grand total. 

69,345 

41,976 

40,516 

67,811 

49,594 

37,739 

73,700 

43,151 


N OTE> —i. Union Gap flows have been corrected for the quantities held back by artificial storage at the 
Yakima lakes. 

2. Observed flows have also been corrected by additions of amounts actually diverted from storage by 
Cascade Canal Co. and Union Gap Canal Co., as these quantities are pledged from storage and have been 
included in listed irrigation requirements. 

3. Correction has also been made for Tieton 1911 diversion, but not for Bumping Lake storage made 
unnecessary because all reservoirs would have been full on June 1,1911, regardless of correction before that 
date, while during the irrigation season of 1911 almost exactly the same quantity was stored after August 1 
as was released daring June and July. 


43 




























































44 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 


Table II. — 1903-4- 

UNION GAP. 


April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 
October.... 

Total 


Month. 


Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

16, 730 
14,400 
11,460 
5,044 
1,392 
938 
1,036 

3,349 

5,680 

5,948 

6,262 

6,223 

5,033 

1,935 

13,381 
8,720 
5,512 




1,218 
4,813 
4,095 
899 





51,000 

34,430 

27,613 

11,043 


EASTON. 


Month. 

Keech- 

elus. 

Kachess. 

Minor 

run-off. 

Total. 

Required 

for 

Kittitas. 

Surplus. 

April. 

499 

495 

129 

1,123 


1,123 

May. 

733 

588 

594 

1,915 

783 

2,132 

.Tune. 




1,851 

826 

1,025 

July. 




707 

871 

August. 




324 

845 


September. 




308 

775 


October. 




363 

363 







Total. 




6,591 

4,100 

3,643 






Shortage. 


164 

521 

467 


1,152 


UMTANUM. 


Month. 

Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April. 

10,275 
8,770 
5,500 
2,475 
837 
520 
536 

477 

1,892 

1,985 

2,184 

2,156 

1.925 

342 

9,798 

6,878 

3,515 

291 


May. 


June. 


July. 

August. 

1,319 

1,405 

September. 


October. 

194 

Total. 

28,913 

10,961 

20,676 

2,724 



VARIATION IN STORAGE ON HAND. 


Reservoir. 

Carry¬ 

over. 

Run-off 
Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Storage 

Apr. 1. 

Run-off 

A pril. 

Storage 

April. 

Storage 
May 1. 

Run-off 

May. 

Storage 

May. 

Keechelus. 


1.567 

1,567 

1,081 

499 

495 

499 

495 

2,066 
1.576 

733 

588 

544 

588 

Kachess. 


1,081 



Clealum. 


3,069 

3,069 

1,971 

994 

1,971 

5,040 

2,629 

1,132 
2,629 



Bumping Lake. 


1.281 

567 

457 

2,965 

567 

2,872 

707 

1,210 

3,761 

McAllisters Meadows. 


1,682 

1,682 

1,190 

1,190 

178 


Total. 


8,680 

7,966 

4,612 

4,155 

13,381 

12,121 

5,867 

3,939 

8,720 

Surplus at Union Gap 








Wasted. 





9,226 



4,781 






































































































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 45 


Table II. — 1903-4 — Continued. 
VARIATION IN STORAGE ON HAND—Continued. 


Reservoir. 

Storage 
June 1. 

Run-off 

June. 

Storage 

June. 

Storage 

July. 

Release July, 
August, 
September, 
and October. 

Storage 
Nov. 1. 

Keechelus. 

Kachess. 

Clealum. 

Bumping Lake. 

2,610 

2.164 

7,669 

567 

3,050 

785 

778 

2,676 

694 

1,090 

140 

778 

918 

498 

1,416 

2,750 

2,942 

8,167 

567 

3,050 

11,043 

150 

1,000 

5,000 

McAllisters Meadows.. 

Total. 

Surplus at Union Gap. 



283 

16,060 

5,023 

1,416 

5,512 

17,476 

11,043 

6,433 

Wasted. 








4,096 











SUMMARY FOR YEAR. 


Item. 

Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Apr. 1 to 
Nov. 1. 

Total. 

Flow at Union Gap. 

18,345 

7,966 

51,000 

9,510 

11,043 

69,345 

17,476 

11,043 

Stored. 

Released. 

Balance carried over. 


6,433 
23,387 
28,482 

From river. 


23,387 

is.ins 

Wasted. 

10 379 


1 


Table III. — 1904-5. 
UNION GAP. 


Month. 


April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 
October.... 

Total 


Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

4,750 
4,930 
8,320 
2,815 
1,027 
974 
3,200 

3,349 
5,680 
5,948 
6,262 
6,223 
5,033 
1,935 

1,401 


750 

2,372 

3,447 

5,196 

4,059 



1,265 


26,016 

34,430 

5,038 

13,452 


EASTON. 


Month. 

Keeche¬ 

lus. 

Kachess. 

Minor 

run-off. 

Total. 

Required 

for 

Kittitas. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 


419 

320 

96 

835 


835 


Mav 

603 

324 

120 

1,047 

783 

264 


June 

534 

451 

47 

1,034 

826 

208 


July 

169 

147 

22 

338 

871 


533 

A ncm <zt 

80 

146 

104 

330 

845 


515 


81 

203 

76 

360 

775 


415 


430 

314 

149 

893 


893 










Total. 

2,316 

1,905 

616 

4,837 

4,100 

2,200 

1,463 














































































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 


Table III.— 1904-5 —Continued. 
UMTANUM. 


Month. 


April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October.... 

Total 


Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

| 

2,900 
3,010 
4„ 000 
1,405 
630 
549 
1,690 

477 
1,892 
1,985 
2,184 
2,156 
1,925 
342 

2,423 

1,118 

2,015 




779 

1,526 

1,376' 



1,348 


14,184 

10,961 

6,904 

3, 681 


VARIATIONS IN STORAGE ON HAND. 


Reservoir. 

Carry¬ 

over. 

Run-off, 
Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Storage, 
Apr. 1. 

Run-off, 

April. 

Storage, 

April. 

Storage, 
May 1. 

Run-off, 

May. 

Release, 

May. 

Keechelus. 

150 

1,000 

5,000 

1,358 

1,222 

2,553 

1,031 

1,769 

1,508 
2,222 

7,553 

567 

2,052 

419 

320 

1,012 

331 

520 

419 

320 

1,927 

2,542 

8,115 

567 

2,152 

603 

324 

1,450 

418 

580 


Kachess. 


Clealum. 

750 

739 

562 

1,301 

Bumping Lake. 

McAllisters Meadows. 

Total. 

283 

100 



6,433 

7,933 

13,902 

2,602 

1,401 

1,401 

15,303 

3,575 

750 

Surplus at Union Gap. 










Keechelus 
Kachess.. 


Reservoir. 


Storage 
June 1. 


Run-off 

June. 


Storage 

June. 


Storage 
July 1. 


1,927 

2,542 


534 

451 


208 


2,135 
2,542 


Release, July, 
August, and 
September. 


Clealum 


7,365 


1,841 


208 

802 


8,167 


12,702 


1,010 


Bumping Lake. 

McAllisters Meadows. 

Total. 

Surplus at Union Gap 


567 
2,152 


655 

977 


898 


567 

3,050 


14,553 


4,455 


1,908 

2,372 


16,461 


12,702 


Wasted 


464 


Reservoir. 

Storage 

Oct. 1. 

Run-off 

October. 

Storage 

October. 

Storage 
Nov. 1. 

Keechelus. 

77 

430 

430 

507 

1,314 

Kachess. 

1.000 

314 

314 


Clealum. 

2,432 

887 

744 

521 

2,953 


Bumping Lake. 


211 

1,265 


McAllisters Meadows. 

250 

293 


250 



Total... 

3,759 

2,135 

1,265 

1,265 

5,024 

Surplus at Union Gap.,. 


1 










































































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 47 


Table III.— 1904-5 —Continued. 
SUMMARY FOR YEAR. 


* 

Item. 

Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Apr. 1 to 
Nov. 1. 

Total. 

Carried over flow at Union Gap. 

15,900 

20,016 

4,574 
13,452 

I 6,433 

\ 41,976 

12,043 
13,452 

Stored. 

7,469 

Released. 

Lost storage. 


1,409 

Carry over. 



5,024 

From river.... 


20,978 
404 

20,978 
8,955 

Wasted. 

8,491 



Table IV.— 1905-6. 
union gap. 


Month. 


April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 
October.... 

Total 


Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

10,107 
7,974 
4,363 
1,876 
667 
732 
2,433 

3,349 
5, C80 
5,948 
6,262 
6,223 
5,033 
1,935 

6,758 
2,294 



1,585 

4,386 

5,556 

4,301 




498 


28,052 

34,430 

9,550 

15, 828 


EASTON. 


Month. 

Keeche- 

lus. 

Kachess. 

Minor 

run-off. 

Total. 

Required 

for 

Kittitas. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

A pril ... 

616 

556 

152 

1,324 

1,341 

757 


1,324 

558 


Mav ___ 

670 

517 

154 

783 


jane .. 

400 

321 

36 

826 


69 

July . 

155 

84 

17 

256 

871 


615 

Alienist .. 

58 

24 

37 

119 

845 


726 

Sonfpm Lor . 

70 

36 

27 

133 

775 


642 


309 

280 

118 

707 


707 







Total, . 

2, 278 

1,818 

541 

4,637 

4,100 

2,589 

2,062 





UMTANUM. 


Month. 

Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 


6,160 

477 

5,683 



4,870 

1,892 

2,978 



2,090 

1,985 

105 



955 

2,184 


1,229 


425 

2,156 


1,731 


438 

1,925 


1,487 

October. 

1,370 

342 

1,028 


Total. 

16,308 

10,961 

9,794 

4,487 





















































































































48 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 


Table IV.— 1905-6 —Continued. 
VARIATION IN STORAGE ON HAND. 


Reservoir. 

Carry 

over. 

Run-off, 
Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Storage, 

April. 

Run-off, 

April. 

Storage, 

April. 

Storage, 
May 1. 

Run-off, 

May. 

Storage, 

May. 

Keechelus. 

507 

1,087 

1,594 

616 

616 

2,210 

670 

41 

Kachess. 

1,314 

ll 013 

2,327 

556 

556 

2,883 

517 

517 







Clealum. 

2,953 

2,405 

5,358 

1,850 

1,172 

1,850 

7,208 

1,980 

558 

959 






Bumping Lake. 

0 

1,081 

1,103 

567 

721 

3,022 

0 

567 

767 

1,517 

0 

McAllisters Meadows. 

250 

1,358 

750 

750 

2,103 

716 

716 

Total. 

5,024 

6,689 

11,199 

4,493 

3,772 

14,971 

4,650 

2,233 

Surplus at Union Gap 

Wast.cd.. 



6; 758 
2,986 

2,294 

61 
















Reservoir. 

Storage, 
June 1. 

Release, 
June, July, 
August, 
and 

September. 

Storage, 
Oct. 1. 

Run-off, 

October. 

Storage, 

October. 

Storage, 
Nov. 1. 

Keechelus. 

Kachess. 

Clealum. 

Bumping Lake. 

McAllisters Meadows. 

Total. 

Surplus at Union Gap. 

2,251 
3,400 

8,167 

567 

2,819 

15,828 

0 

376 

1,000 

0 

0 

309 

280 

888 

145 

217 

0 

280 

280 

218 

498 

0 

0 

0 

656 

1,218 

0 

0 

17,204 

15,828 

1,376 

1,839 

498 

498 

0 

1,874 

Wasted. 











SUMMARY FOR YEAR. 


Item. 

Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Apr. 1 to 
Nov. 1. 

Total. 

Flow at Union Gap. 

12,464 

28,052 

40,516 

5,024 

12,678 

17,702 

15,826 

Carried over. 


Stored. 

6,175 

6,503 

Total storage. 

Released..~. 


15,828 

Carry over. 


1,874 

From river. 


18,602 
2,947 

18,602 
9,236 

W asted. 

6,289 



Table V.— 1906-7. 
union gap. 


Month. 


April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August.... 
September 
October... 


Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

8,730 
14,360 
7,446 
2,421 
2,526 
871 
1,014 

3,349 
5,680 
5,948 
6,262 
6,223 
5,033 
1,935 

5,381 
8,680 
1,498 




3,841 

3,697 

4,162 

921 





37,368 

34,430 

15,559 

12,621 


Total 






















































































































REPOET ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 49 


Table Y.— 1906-7 —Continued. 


EASTON. 


Month. 

Keech¬ 

elus. 

Kachess. 

Minor 
run-off. 

Total. 

Required 

for 

Kittitas. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April. 

373 

385 

98 

856 

0 

856 


May. 

1,000 

937 

252 

2,189 

783 

1,406 


June. 

529 

469 

50 

1,048 

826 

222 


July. 

164 

119 

19 

302 

871 


569 

August. 

97 

33 

58 

188 

845 


657 

September. 

89 

45 

35 

169 

775 


606 

October. 

74 

19 

19 

112 

0 

112 








Total. 

2,326 

2,007 

531 

4,864 

4,100 

2,596 

1,832 


UMTANUM. 


Month. 


April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 
October.... 

Total 


Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

4,748 

477 

4,271 

6,793 


8,685 
3,513 
1,227 

1,892 


1,985 

1,528 


2,184 


957 

'619 

2,156 


1,537 

599 

1,925 


1 ,326 

371 

342 

29 



19,762 

10,961 

12,621 

3,820 


VARIATIONS IN STORAGE ON HAND. 


Reservoir. 


Keechelus 

Kachess... 


Clealum 


Bumping Lake. 

McAllisters Meadows. 

Total. 

Surplus at Union Gap 

Wasted. 


Reservoir. 


Keechelus. 

Kachess. 

Clealum. 

Bumping Lake. 

McAllisters Meadows. 

Total. 

Surplus at Union Gap 

Wasted. 


Carry 

over. 

Run-off, 
Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Storage, 

April. 

Run-off, 

April. 

Storage, 

April. 

Storage, 
May 1. 

Run-off, 

May. 

Storage, 

May. 

0 

2,371 

2,371 

373 

373 

2,744 

1,000 

6 

656 

1,810 

2,466 

385 

385 

2,851 

937 

649 





758 



655 

1,218 

4,781 

5,999 

1,180 

1,180 

7,179 

3,250 

873 





1,938 



1,528 

0 

2,285 

567 

402 

0 

567 

960 

0 

0 

3,975 

3,050 

665 

0 

3,050 

1,100 

0 

1,874 

15,222 

14,453 

3,005 

1,938 

16,391 

7,247 

1,528 




5,381 


8,680 












3,443 



7,152 









Storage, 
June 1. 

Run-off, 

June. 

2,750 
3,500 
8,052 
567 
3,050 

529 

469 

1,820 

840 

960 

17,919 

4,618 






Storage, 

June. 


0 

0 

115 

0 

0 


115 

1,498 


1,383 


Storage, 
July 1. 

Release, 

July, 

August, 

September, 

and 

October. 

Storage, 
Nov. 1. 

2,750 


100 

3,500 


1,500 

8,167 

12,621 

3,000 

567 


0 

3,050 


813 

18,034 

12,621 

5,413 


H. Doc. 1299, 62-3-4 

















































































































































50 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 


Table V.— 1906-7 —Continued. 
SUMMARY FOR YEAR. 


Item. 

Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Apr. 1 to 
Nov. 1. 

Total. 

Flow at. Union Gap . 

30,443 

37,368 

67,811 
1,874 
16,160 
18,034 
12,621 

P.arri ari over . 

Stored . 

12,579 

3,581 

'Total storage . 

Ralaasp.fi . 


12,621 

Garrv nvar . 


5,413 

21,809 

29,842 

From river . . 


21,809 

11,978 

Wasted. 

17,864 


Table VI.— 1907-8. 

UNION GAP. 

Month. 

Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April. 

7,159 

9,505 

10,395 

6,639 

1,340 

875 

1,058 

3,349 

5,680 

5,948 

6,262 

6,223 

5,033 

1,935 

3,810 

3,825 

4,447 

377 


Mav. 


J une. 


July. 


August. 

4,883 

4,158 

877 

September. 


October. 


Total. 


36,971 

34,430 

12,459 

9,918 



EASTON. 


Month. 

Keeche- 

lus. 

Kachess. 

Minor 

run-off. 

Total. 

Required 

for 

Kittitas. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April. 

470 

467 

122 

1,059 

0 

1,059 


Mav. 

690 

616 

170 

L 476 

783 

■693 


June. 

882 

771 

82 

l’ 735 

826 

909 


July. 

447 

387 

58 

892 

871 

21 


August. 

133 

65 

89 

287 

845 


558 

September.... 

72 

35 

25 

132 

775 


643 

October. 

146 

59 

41 

246 

0 

246 









Total. 

2,840 

2,400 

587 

5,827 

4,100 

2,928 

1,201 


UMTANUM. 


Month. 

Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April. 

4,809 

5,870 

5,409 

3,100 

742 

457 

536 

477 

1,892 

1,985 

2,184 

2,156 

1,925 

342 

4,332 

3,978 

3,424 

916 




June. 


July. 


August. 

1,414 

1,468 

September. 


October. 

194 

Total. 


21,923 

10,961 

12,844 

2,882 

















































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 51 


Table VI.— 1907-8 —Continued. 
VARIATIONS IN STORAGE ON HAND. 


Reservoir. 

Carry¬ 

over. 

Run-off, 
Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Storage, 
Apr. 1. 

Run-off, 

April. 

Storage, 

Apr. 1. 

Storage, 
May 1. 

Run-off, 

May. 

Storage, 

May. 

Keechelus. 

100 

1,437 

1,537 

470 

470 

2,007 

690 

266 

Kachess. 

1,500 

1,106 

2,606 

467 

467 

3,073 

616 

427 






937 



693 

Clealum. 

3,000 

2,251 

5,251 

1,461 

1,461 

6,712 

2,260 

1,455 






2,398 



2,148 

Bumping Lake. 

0 

747 

567 

468 

0 

567 

673 

0 

McAllisters Meadows. 

813 

1,339 

2,152 

886 

886 

3,038 

930 

12 

Total. 

5,413 

6,880 

12.113 

3,752 

3,284 

15,397 

5,169 

2,160 

Surplus at Union Gap 





3,810 



3,825 

Wasted. 





526 



1,665 










Reservoir. 


Keechelus 
Kachess.. 


Clealum 


Bumping Lake. 

McAllisters Meadows. 

Total. 

Surplus at Union Gap 

Wasted. 


Stor¬ 
age, 
June 1. 

Run¬ 

off, 

June. 

Stor¬ 

age, 

June. 

Stor¬ 
age, 
July 1. 

Run¬ 

off, 

July. 

Stor¬ 

age, 

July. 

Stor¬ 
age, 
Aug. 1. 

Release, 
August, 
Sep¬ 
tember, 
and Oc¬ 
tober. 

Stor¬ 
age, 
Nov. 1. 

2,273 
3,500 

882 

477 

2,750 

3,500 

447 

0 

2,750 


500 

771 

0 

387 

0 

3,500 


2,500 



8,167 

2,810 

477 

0 

8,167 

1,710 

0 

8,167 

9,918 

4,500 

567 

1,005 

1,270 

477 

0 

567 

750 

0 

567 


0 

3,050 

0 

3,050 

1,340 

0 

3,050 


616 


17,557 

6,738 

477 

4,447 

18,034 

4,634 

0 

377 

18,034 

9,918 

8,116 










3,970 
















SUMMARY FOR YEAR. 


Item. 

Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Apr. 1 to 
Nov. 1. 

Total. 

Run-off at Union Gap. 

12,623 

36,971 

49,594 
5.413 

Carried over. 

Stored. 

6,700 

5,921 

12,621 

18,034 

9,918 

Total storage. 

Released. 


9,918 

Carry-over.. . 


8,116 

24,512 

12,461 

From river. 


24,512 

6,538 

W asted. 

5,923 



Table VII.— 1908-9. 


UNION GAP. 


Month. 

Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April . 

4,417 

3,349 

1,068 



7,254 

5,680 

1,574 



9,837 

5,948 

3,889 


Tniv . 

3,257 

6,262 


3,005 


834 

6,223 


5,389 

Spnfpmhpr . 

808 

5.033 


4,225 


1,089 

1,935 


846 

Total. 

27,496 

34,430 

6,531 

13,465 













































































































































KO 

O -LJ 


REPOET ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 


Table VII.— 1908-9 —Continued. 

EASTON. 


Month. 


April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August.... 
September. 
October... 

Total 


Keeche- 

lus. 

Kachess. 

Minor 

run-off. 

Total. 

Required 

for 

Kittitas. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

311 

287 

78 

676 

0 

676 


678 

599 

179 

1,456 

783 

673 


927 

730 

83 

1,740 

826 • 

914 


293 

198 

34 

525 

871 


346 

106 

42 

66 

214 

845 


631 

108 

51 

41 

200 

775 


575 

118 

74 

38 

230 

0 

230 


2,541 

1,981 

519 

5,041 

4,100 

2,493 

1,552 


UMTANUM. 


Month. 

Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April. 

2,932 

5,200 

5,489 

1,655 

438 

429 

563 

477 

1,892 

1,985 

2,184 

2,156 

1.925 

342 

2,455 
3,308 
3,504 


May. 


June. 


July. 

529 

1,718 

1,496 

August. 


September. 


October. 

221 

Total. 


16,706 

10,961 

9,488 

3,743 


VARIATIONS IN STORAGE ON HAND. 


Reservoir. 

Carry¬ 

over. 

Run-off, 
Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Storage, 
Apr. 1. 

Run-off, 

April. 

Storage, 

April. 

Storage, 
May 1. 

Run-off, 

May. 

Storage, 

May. 

Keechelus. 

500 

877 

1,377 

311 

311 

1.688 

678 

678 

Kachess. 

2,500 

663 

3,163 

287 

0 

3.163 

599 

105 






311 



783 

Clealum. 

4,500 

1,728 

6,228 

954 

285 

6.513 

2,030 

500 






596 



1,283 

Bumping Lake. 

0 

802 

567 

272 

0 

567 

581 

0 

McAllisters Meadows. 

616 

1,025 

1,641 

472 

472 

2.113 

785 

291 

Total. 

8,116 

5,095 

12,976 

2,296 

1,068 

14,044 

4,673 

1,574 

Surplus at Union Gap 





1,068 



1 574 

Wasted. 




0 



0 


1 






Reservoir. 

Storage, 

June 1. 

Run-off, 

June. 

| 

Storage, 

June. 

Storage, 
July 1. 

Release. 

Storage, 
Nov. 1. 

Keechelus. 

2,366 

3,268 

7,013 

567 

2,404 

927 

730 

2,690 

1.090 

1,150 

384 

232 

616 

1,154 

1,770 

0 

646 

2,750 

3,500 

8.167 

567 

3,050 


69 

1.500 

3,000 

0 

0 

Kachess. 


Clealum. 

Bumping Lake. 

13,465 

McAllisters Meadows. 




Total. 

15,618 

6,587 

2,416 

18,034 

13,465 

4 569 

Surplus at Union Gap. 



3,889 



W asted. 



1,473 









































































































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 53 


Table VII. — 1908-9 — Continued. 
SUMMARY FOR YEAR. 


Item. 

Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Apr. 1 to 
Nov. 1. 

Total. 

Run-off at Union Gap. 

10,243 

27,496 

37,739 
8,116 
9,918 
18,034 
13,465 
4,569 
20,£65 
6,856 

Carried over. 

Stored. 

4.860 

5.058 

Total storage. 

Released. 


13,465 

Carry-over. 


From river. 


20.965 
1.473 

W asted. 

5.383 

--- 


Table VIII. — 1909-10. 
UNION GAP. 


Month. 

Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April. 

12,778 
12,210 
5,789 
1,836 
700 
801 
3,053 

3,349 
5,680 
5,948 
6,262 
6,223 
5,033 
1,935 

9,429 
6,530 


Mav. 


June. 

159 

4,426 

5,523 

4,232 

.Tulv. 


August. 


September. 


October. 

1,118 

Total. 


37,167 

34,430 17,077 

14,340 



EASTON. 


Month. 

Total 

Required 
for Kittitas. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April. 

1,511 


1,511 


Mav... 

2 ,516 

783 

1,733 


June. 

928 

826 

42 


July. 

306 

871 


565 

August. 

128 

845 


717 

September. 

152 

775 


653 

October. 

857 


857 


Total. 

6,398 

4,100 

4,143 

1,935 


UMTANUM. 


Month. 


April. 

May. 

.Thrift. 

July. 

August... 
September 
October... 


Total 


Flowu 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

7,592 
6,795 
2,695 
1,110 
399 
470 
1,937 

477 
1,892 
1,985 
2,184 
2,156 
1,925 
342 

7,115 
4,903 
710 




1,074 

1,757 

1,455 



1,595 


20,998 

10,961 

14,323 

4,286 



















































































































54 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 


Table VIII.— 1909-10 —Continued. 
VARIATIONS IN STORAGE ON HAND. 


Reservoir. 

Carry 

over. 

Run-off 
Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Storage 
Apr. 1. 

Run-off 

April. 

Storage 

April. 

Storage 
May 1. 

Run-off 

May. 

Storage 

May. 

Keechelus. 

Kachess. 

Clealum. 

Bumping Lake. 

69 

1,500 

3,000 

2,535 

2,308 

6,370 

1,924 

3,497 

2,604 

3,500 

8,167 

567 

3,050 

637 

700 

2,104 

579 

1,070 

146 

2,750 
3,500 
8,167 
567 
3,050 

876 
817 
2,700 
1,040 
1,340 


McAllisters Meadows. 

Total. 

Surplus at Union Gap 

Wasted. 




4,569 

16,634 

17,888 

5,090 

146 
9,429 

18,034 

6,773 

6,530 











9,283 



6,530 









Reservoir. 

Storage 
June 1. 

Release. 

Storage 
Oct. 1. 

Run-off 

October. 

Storage 

October. 

Storage 
Nov. 1. 

Keechelus. 

2,750 
3,500 
8,167 
567 
3,050 


94 

1,000 

2,500 

451 

261 

986 

202 

392 

100 

261 

757 

194 

1,261 

3,257 

Kachess. 


Clealum. 

14,340 

Bumping Lake. 

McAllisters Meadows. 


100 


100 

Total. 



18,034 

14,340 

3,694 

2,292 

1,118 

1,118 

4,812 

Surplus at Union Gap. 



• 





SUMMARY FOR YEAR. 


Item. 

Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Apr. 1 to 
Nov. 1. 

Total. 

Run-off at Union Gap. 

36,533 

37,167 

73,700 

Carried over. 

4,569 

Stored.. 

13,319 

1,264 

14,583 

Total storage. 



19,132 

Released. 


14,340 

14,340 

4,792 

Carry over. 


From river. 


20,090 
15,813 

20,090 
39,927 

Wasted. 

23,214 





Table IX.— 1910-11. 
UNION GAP. 


Month. 


April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August.... 
September. 
October.... 

Total 


Month. 


April. 

May___ 

June. 

July. 

August... 
September 
October... 


Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

5,125 
7,385 
8,255 
2,600 
923 
1,813 
1,078 

3,349 
5,680 
5,948 
6,262 
6,223 
5,033 
1,935 

1,776 

1,705 

2,307 


3,602 
5,300 
3,220 
857 

27,179 

34,430 

5,788 

13,039 


EASTON. 


Total. 

Required 
for Kittitas. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

647 


647 


1,388 

783 

605 


1,131 

826 

305 


410 

871 

461 

208 

845 


637 

453 

322 

775 


165 

165 




4,271 

4,100 

1,722 

1,551 


Total 




































































































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 55 


Table IX.— 1910-11 —Continued. 

I 

UMTANUM. 


Month. 

Flow. 

Required. 

Surplus. 

Shortage. 

April. 

2,985 

4,123 

3,350 

1,307 

474 

1,008 

507 

477 

1,892 

1,985 

2,184 

2,156 

1,925 

342 

2,508 

2,231 

1,365 


May. 


June. 


July. 

877 

1,682 

917 

August. 


September. 


October. 

165 

Total. 


13,754 

10,961 

6,269 

3,476 



VARIATIONS IN STORAGE ON HAND. 


Reservoir. 

Carry 

over. 

Run-off 
Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Storage 
Apr. 1. 

Run-off 

April. 

Storage 

April. 

Storage 
May 1. 

Run-off 

May. 

Storage 

May. 

Keechelus. 

194 

1,261 

3,257 

1,360 

1,186 

3,110 

1,157 

1,554 

1,554 

2,447 

6,367 

567 

1,654 

248 

325 

1,120 

347 

442 

248 

325 

1,120 

1,802 

2,772 

7,487 

567 

1,737 

631 

574 

1,667 

520 

925 

605 

Kachess. 

Clealum. 

680 

Bumping Lake. 

McAllisters Meadows. 

Total. 

100 

83 

378 

4,812 

8,367 

12,589 

2,492 

1,776 

1,776 

14,365 

4,317 

1,663 

1,705 

Surplus at Union Gap 

W asted. 














42 










Reservoir. 

Storage 
June 1. 

Run-off 

June. 

Sto age 
June. 

Storage 
July 1. 

Release. 

Storage 
Nov. 1. • 

Keechelus. 

2,407 
2,772 
8,167 
567 
2,115 

658 

542 

2,060 

753 

1,180 


2,407 
3,077 
8,167 
567 
3,050 


129 
1,100 
2,500 

Kachess. 

305 


Clealum . 

13,039 

Bum pin a Lake 


McAllisters Meadows . 

935 


500 

Total. 


16,028 

5,193 

1,240 

2,307 

17,268 

13,039 

4,229 

Snrnlns at TTnion Gan 

Wasted . 








1,067 











SUMMARY FOR YEAR. 


Item. 

Nov. 1 to 
Apr. 1. 

Apr. 1 to 
Nov. 1. 

Total. 

T?nn-r»ff at. TTninn frail . 

15,972 

27,179 

43,151 




4,812 

ft tnrp.H . 

7,777 

4,679 

12,456 




17,268 



13,039 

13,039 




4,229 



21,391 

21,391 


8,195 

1,109 

9,304 



























































































































56 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 


Table X .—General summary. 


Period. 

R un-off 
Union Gap. 

Stored. 

Available 
in reser¬ 
voirs. 

Supplied 

from 

river. 

Supplied 

from 

storage. 

Acre-feet 
supplied 
from stor¬ 
age 548,700 
acres. 

Nov. 1, 1903, to Apr. 1, 1904... 
A pr 1 1904 

18,345 

7.966 





7,966 




Apr. 1 to Nov. 1, 1904.. 

51,000 

9,510 

23,387 

11,043 

1.21 

Nov. 1, 1904 

6,433 

Nov. 1, 1904, to Apr. 1, 1905... 
Apr. 1, 1905 

15,960 

7,469 




13,902 




Apr. 1 to Nov. 1, 1905.. 

26,076 

4,574 

20,978 

13,452 

1.46 

Nov 1. 1905 

5,024 

Nov. 1, 1905, to Apr. 1, 1906... 
Apr. 1, 1906 

12,464 

6,175 




11,199 




Apr. 1, 1906, to Nov. 1, 1906... 
N n v 1 1906 

28,053 

6,503 

18,602 

15,828 

1.73 

1,874 

Nov. 1, 1906, to Apr. 1, 1907... 
Apr 1, 1907 

30,443 

12,579 




14,453 




Apr. 1, 1907, to Nov. 1, 1907... 
Nov. 1, 1907 

37,368 

3,581 

21,809 

12,621 

1.38 

5,413 

Nov. 1, 1907, to Apr. 1, 1908... 
Apr. 1, 1908 

12,623 

6,700 




12,113 




Apr. 1, 1908, to Nov. 1, 1908... 
Nov. 1, 1908 

36,971 

5,921 

24,512 

9,918 

1.09 

8,116 

Nov. 1, 1908, to Apr. 1, 1909... 
Apr. 1, 1909 

10,243 

4,860 




12,976 




Apr. 1, 1909, to Nov. 1, 1909... 
N ov 1 1909 

27,496 

5,058 

20,965 

13,465 

1.47 

4,569 

Nov. 1, 1909, to Apr. 1, 1910... 
Apr. 1, 1910 

36,533 

13,319 




17,888 




Apr. 1, 1910, to Nov. 1, 1910... 
Nov. 1, 1910 

37,167 

1,264 

20,090 

14,340 

1.57 

4,812 

Nov. 1, 1910, to Apr. 1, 1911... 
Apr. 1. 1911 

15,972 

7, 777 




12,589 




Apr. 1, 1911, to Nov. 1, 1911... 
Nov. 1, 1911 

27,179 

4,679 

21,391 

13,039 

1.43 

4,229 

» 

Average for 8 years. 









21,467 

62 

12,963 
38 

1.42 

Per cent of total supplied. 










Note.—F igures in columns 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are in 60 acre-feet units. 


Table XI.— Division of cost. 


Project. 

Total area, 
acres. 

Acres 

requiring 

storage. 

Diversion 
duty 
acre-feet 
per acre. 

Total 

diversion 

from 

storage, 

acre-feet. 

Kittitas. 

82,000 

82,000 
100,000 
8,000 
34,700 

3.00 

246,000 

High line. 

100,000 
8,000 
34,700 
102,000 
120,000 
90,000 

3.75 

375,000 

Yakima Canal Co. 

2.50 

20,000 
100,630 
123,240 
453,000 
386,100 

Tieton. 

2. 90 

Sunnyside. 

31,600 

105,600 

90,000 

3.90 

W apato. 

4. 29 

Benton. 

4. 29 



Total. 

536,700 

451,900 


703,970 




Total cost of storage development. $6,800,000 

Total diversion for lands requiring storage, in round numbers, acre-feet. 1,700,000 

Cost per acre-foot at point of diversion, 6,800,000-?-1,700,000. $4 

Total cost of storage for Wapato unit.$1,800,000 


No interest charges are included in these figures. 








































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 
Table XII .—Maximum monthly discharges, Tieton River at McAllisters. 


57 


# 

Month. 

For years of— 

Maxi¬ 

mum 

for 

month. 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

January. 

.February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July... 

August. 

September. 

October. 

N ovember. 

December. 

Maximum for 
year. 

t 

2,270 

1,488 

833 

474 

293 

235 

326 

1,012 

2 ,720 
350 
968 
1,012 
2,090 
3,348 
1,641 
450 
406 
878 
1,102 
1,372 

375 

247 

335 

2,354 

2,160 

1,645 

1,252 

451 

291 

375 

908 

405 

306 

424 

1,132 

1,215 

1,112 

2,268 

656 

366 

278 

765 

200 

175 

256 

938 

705 

1,028 

1.028 

720 

601 

315 

292 

731 

10,580 

1,710 

442 

960 

552 

825 

1,408 

1,500 

734 

359 

192 

166 

352 

546 

165 

210 

1,692 

1,452 

863 

1,538 

1,195 

362 

446 

1,020 

675 

1,240 

1,930 

845 

405 

300 

296 

4,250 

1,820 

1,140 
430 
2,260 
2,190 
2,370 
1,610 
748 
400 
282 
1,210 
2,410 
390 

250 

560 

644 

1,180 

2,210 

845 

405 

425 

202 

2,720 
960 
2,260 
2,354 
2,370 
3,348 
1,641 
474 
425 
1,210 
10,580 
1,820 

2,270 

3,348 

2,354 

2,268 

10,580 

1,500 

1,692 

4,250 

2,410 

2,210 



Table XIII. — Mean monthly discharges, Tieton River at McAllisters. 


For years of— 


Month. 












1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

. 1910 

1911 

January. 


718 

270 

222 

174 

393 

205 

117 

333 

234 

February. 


288 

220 

219 

300 

761 

185 

1/j.t 

14-3 

281 

180 

March.... 


375 

252 

750 

287 

470 

710 

220 

1 050 

282 

April. 


592 

1,190 

520 

750 

665 

886 

472 

1 070 

442 

May. 

1,270 

1,260 

1,210 

580 

716 

1,100 

930 

785 

1 340 

725 

June. 

1,030 

2,220 

1,090 

977 

462 

960 

1,270 

1,150 

904 

1,180 

July. 

582 

758 

720 

460 

420 

476 

1,340 

576 

523 

596 

August. 

337 

380 

343 

207 

134 

202 

410 

302 

292 

305 

September. 

245 

307 

247 

227 

180 

130 

280 

229 

235 

280 

October. 

198 

352 

208 

293 

217 

75 

240 

193 

391 

186 

November. 

241 

485 

310 

177 

1,660 

93 

330 

1,210 

576 


December. 

307 

455 

268 

165 

691 

146 

185 

623 

282 



Note.— Values on the right of the heavy lines except those in italics are actual measurements at dam 
site. Values on the left of the heavy line were obtained by comparison with other points on Tieton River 
where measurements were made. 


Table XIV .—Keechelus Reservoir. 
[Mean monthly discharges.] 


For a ea^s of— 


Months. 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

January. 


152 

143 

273 

187 

189 

208 

187 

193 

February. 


156 

124 

250 

515 

134 

161 

163 

100 

March. 


159 

522 

200 

324 

527 

153 

542 

171 

April. 


499 

419 

616 

373 

470 

3ir 

637 

248 

May. 


733 

603 

670 

1,000 

529 

090 

678 

876 

631 

June. 


785 

534 

400 

882 

927 

391 

658 

July. 


339 

109 

155 

164 

447 

293 

127 

212 

August. 


103 

80 

58 

97 

133 

106 

40 

65 

September. 


59 

81 

70 

89 

72 

108 

87 

147 

October. 

29 

69 

430 

309 

74 

146 

118 

451 

79 

November. 

U0 

230 

191 

999 

244 

234 

1,290 

663 

816 

December. 

660 

339 

173 

346 

343 

121 

353 

233 



Note. —All discharges shown in cubic feet per second. Quantities in italics were estimated. Discharges 
to right of heavy line have been corrected for storage effect. No record of lake-water surface was kept 
previous to Jan. 12, 190o. 












































































































































58 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION 


Table XV .—Clealum Lake Reservoir. 


[Mean monthly discharges.] 


For years of— 


Months. 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

January. 


567 

269 

436 

416 

314 

244 

462 

413 

February. 


367 

211 

627 

736 

216 

220 

436 

206 

March. 


367 

1,155 

538 

477 

951 

343 

1,442 

500 

A pril. 


1,971 

1,012 

1,850 

1,180 

1,460 

954 

2.104 

1,120 

May. 


2,629 

1,450 

1,980 

3,250 

2,260 

2,030 

2,700 

1,667 

June. 


2.676 

1,841 

1,200 

1,820 

2,810 

2,690 

1,364 

2,060 

July. 


1,512 

733 

625 

745 

1, 710 

924 

716 

719 

August. 


517 

438 

302 

350 

455 

280 

251 

279 

September. 


250 

314 

302 

292 

244 

269 

190 

390 

October. 

967 

234 

887 

888 

147 

211 

256 

986 

155 

November. 

746 

391 

452 

2,640 

271 

605 

3,020 

1,540 

1,020 

December. 

1,022 

527 

352 

512 

499 

316 

1,010 

451 

. 


Note.— All discharges shown in cubic feet per second. Discharges to right of heavy line have been 
corrected for storage effect. 


Table XVI .—Bumping Lake Reservoir. 
[Mean monthly discharges.] 


For years of— 


Months. 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

January. 


186 

156 

204 

196 

151 

198 

247 

143 

February. 


256 

153 

413 

565 

134 

190 

154 

142 

March. 


249 

354 

207 

180 

200 

107 

414 

162 

April. 


457 

331 

721 

402 

468 

272 

579 

347 

May. 


707 

418 

767 

960 

673 

581 

1,040 

520 

J une. 


694 

652 

318 

840 

1,005 

1,090 

'675 

753 

July. 


485 

253 

195 

310 

750 

408 

268 

250 

August. 


93 

51 

43 

85 

136 

102 

88 

112 

September. 


46 

79 

75 

87 

78 

64 

60 

141 

October. 

io7 

64 

211 

145 

61 

76 

62 

202 

33 

November. 

409 

214 

140 

1,210 

97 

193 

719 

518 

183 

December. 

181 

154 

117 

134 

165 

114 

390 

192 



Note.— All discharges shown in cubic feet per second. All discharges to left of heavy line are estimated 
from the flow of the Naches River at Nile, except those in italics. 


Table XVII .—Kachess Reservoir. 
[Mean monthly discharges.] 


For years of— 


Months. 



1903 

1904 

1905 

January. 


286 

179 

February. 


153 

99 

March. 


227 

427 

April. 


495 

320 

May. 


588 

324 

June. 


778 

451 

July. 


305 

147 

August... 


113 

146 

September... 


147 

203 



October. 

i 204 

138 

314 

November. 

170 

141 

151 

December. 

245 

376 

207 



1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

224 

182 

122 

124 

192 

180 

250 

340 

86 

115 

192 

92 

181 

181 

472 

141 

560 

176 

556 

385 

467 

287 

700 

325 

517 

937 

616 

599 

817 

574 

321 

469 

771 

730 

334 

542 

84 

119 

387 

198 

95 

157 

24 

33 

65 

42 

44 

28 

36 

45 

35 

51 

26 

145 

280 

19 

59 

74 

261 

48 

892 

171 

159 

1,000 

543 

455 

215 

255 

124 

364 

195 

400 


1 Estimated. 

Note.— All discharges shown in cubic feet per second. Discharges to right of heavy line have been 
corrected for storage effect. No record of lake-water surface was kept previous to Sept. 20, 1905. 














































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 59 



Fig, 






















































































































































































































































































60 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 3. 




















































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 61 




U.-&3'-/ — ^_/ /<%/ lugs/ /° U<?/jL£St(/JV/?<^' 


/far /7rt. ys/r /e/> Afar rf/r. Afa/ /avs./af, sfsf Jx/>A On A ^r////r//Z/- a>S /?£.//£■ /^£-/?7: 









































































































62 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 



Fig. 6. 



Fig. 7. 









































































































REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 63 



Fig. 8. 
























6?/*r0t//T ■y&T/fi/vs 


64 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 



Fig. 9. 



Fig. 10. 















































































































r#{//r f/.f-i'/rr/Myj 


REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 65 



Fig.11. 



Fig. 12. 

H. Doc. 1299, 62-3-5 















































































































USAS. 


66 REPORT ON CONDITION OF YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION. 



n 


Fig. 13. 

































































































































































































































































































































Plate I. 



Map No. 11146 


DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 


June 1909 


UNITED STATES RECLAMATION SERVICE 

YAKIMA BASIN WASHINGTON 

SHOWING RECLAMATION PROJECTS 


5 

t 


0 


SCALE 

5 


10 


15 miles 




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































, 








































vUnion gap 


DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES RECLAMATION SERVICE 

KIM A PROJECT WASHINGTON 

NYSIDE AND WAPATO UNITS 

GENERAL MAP 


DIVERSION DAM 
±AND HEADWORKS 






Scale 


6 Miles 


AW 


8 Kilometers 


, L ,L _ 


NOTE: The contour interval is 10 feet in the Sunnyside Valley 
below elevation 900. For the remaining portion of the map 
the interval is 50 feet. Elevations in feet above sea level. 
On the Sunnyside system canals are shown by solid blue 
lines. 

On the proposed Wapato system preliminary locations of 
canals are shown by broken blue lines and are subject to 
change. 


irrV 


PROPOSED CANALS ARE SHOWN 
THUS- 

THIS PLAN PROPOSED ABANDONING 
THE OLD RESERVATION CANAL AND 
LATERALS. 

NEW RESERVATION CANAL AND 
LATERALS WERE TO BE RETAINED AND 
SUCH ENLARGEMENTS AND IMPROVE¬ 
MENTS MADE AS WERE NECESSARY. 


H(jO- 


G PLANT 


Alfalfa 


I SNIPES MTN. 

PlyMPING PLAN' 
pbOPOSEDl- I 


l view 


SPILLWAY 


: ROCKY FORD . 

power p\ant 


"ender 


mpire j 


mabton 


JNTAKt 


PIPE LINE 

- - 36 h 


2nd Standard Parallel North 


Mabtoff 


POWER HOUi 


' •IP£ u) 


i BTON PUMPINtnfLANT. 


THIS MAP SHOWS 
CANAL SYSTEM 
PROPOSED BY 
McCULLOH IN 1906 


NOVEMBER 1910 


T 8 N 


MAP NO 12600 


BOCORSELSKI INC WASHINGTON. D. C. 













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Plate ill 



DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES RECLAMATION SERVICE 

KIM A PROJECT WASHINGTON 

NYSTDE AND WAPATO UNITS 

GENERAL MAP 


.DIVERSION DAM 
i ARC HEADWORKS 


— 


Scale 


6 Miles 


NOTE: The contour interval is 10 feet in 
below elevation 900. For the remainii 
the interval is 50 feet Elevations in 
On the Sunnyside system canals are 
lines. 

On the proposed Wapato system pn 
canals are shown by broken blue lii 
change. 


26 Ul 


CANAL AREA IRRIGATED 1905 

NEW RESERVATION 2.880 

OLD 9.020 

GILBERT 4.560 

HATCH AND SMALLER CANALS . 1.000 

TOTAL. 17.460 ACRES 




900 




iVtch CABALA 


If alia 


=ING PLANT 

jpostoi-1 - 


randview 


w*v 


2nd Standard Parallel North 


THIS MAPSHOWSTHE 
IRRIGATION CANALS 
WHICH EXISTED ON 
THE RESERVATION IN 
1905 . 


jJ'vjC' ■y 


NOVEMBER 1910 


& BOCORStLSKI 


MAP NO. 12600 


WASHINGTON D C 
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































/ 

l 



Plate IV 


[UNION Qkp 


DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STATES RECLAMATION SERVICE 

WASHINGTON 
WAPATO UNITS 

MAP 


UNITED 

YAKIMA 
SUNNYSIDE AND 

GENERA! 


Wait, 


Scale 


6 Miles 


8 Kilometers 


NOTE: The contour interval is 10 feet in the Sunny side Valley 
below elevation 900. For the remaining portion of the map 
the interval is 50 feet. Elevations in feet above sea level. 
On the Sunnyeide system canals are shown by solid blue 
lines. 

On the proposed Wapato system preliminary locations of 
canals are shown by broken blue lines and are subject to 
change. 


; : * 

Xoppfenish 


•MAIN BODY OF LAND TO BE WATERED 
BY GRAVITY CANALS. 

-LANDS WHICH CAN BE PUMPED TO BY 
POWER DEVELOPED IN DROPSINTHE 
GRAVITY CANALS. 


PINK 


iUTLtlOK PUMPING PLANT 


PU R PL E-GRAVITY LANDS BOR DERI NG TOPPENISH 
CREEK WHICH ARE TEMPORARILY 
EXCLUDED FROM PROJECT ON AC¬ 
COUNT OF THEIR LOW VALUE AND 
DAMAGED CONDITION. 6.000 ACRES 
CAN BE IRRIGATED. 


Alfalfa 


LANDS WHICH CAN BE PUMPED TO WITH 
A 30' LIFT. POWER BEING SUPPLIED 
BY TRANSMISSION FROM DROPS IN 
GRAVITY CANALS 


YELLOW 


LANDS WHICH COULD BE WATERED BY 
AN EXTENSION OFTHE MAIN GRAVITY 
CANAL AROUND TOFPENISH RIDGE 


IMPING PLANT . 
‘^OPOSEOI \ 


Op PEN \S^ 


rand view 


'LLWav 


njUPINS PLANT 


.Empire 


lender 


StABTQN 


PIPE LINE 


2 r,d Standard Parallel North 


Mabton 


WE R H< 


OUTLINES OF LANDS 


WHICH HAVE BEEN 


FOR IRRIGATION 


NOVEMBER 1910 


MAP NO 12600 


WEBB 5 BOCORSELSKI. »NC 


WAS HJ NOTON. D C. 


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































PI V 



H. Doc. 1299, 62-3. (To face page 66.) 
















































































































































































































































